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Computer Basics Student Edition Complete

2008-11-12 16:37:46

Author(s): CustomGuide
Publisher: CustomGuide
Date : 2008
Pages : 283
Format : PDF
OCR : Y
Language : English
Table of Contents
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter One: The Essentials ............................................................................................ 11
Lesson 1-1: Hardware, Software, and Information Technology (IT)...................................12
Lesson 1-2: Computer Overview.........................................................................................14
Lesson 1-3: The Front of a Computer and Peripheral Devices ............................................16
Lesson 1-4: The Inside of a Computer.................................................................................18
Lesson 1-5: The Back of a Computer (Ports) ......................................................................20
Lesson 1-6: System Bus and Expansion Cards....................................................................22
Lesson 1-7: Memory Cache.................................................................................................24
Lesson 1-8: Computer Performance ....................................................................................26
Lesson 1-9: Buying a Desktop Computer............................................................................28
Lesson 1-10: Buying a Notebook Computer .......................................................................30
Lesson 1-11: Upgrading a Computer ...................................................................................32
Chapter One Review............................................................................................................34
Chapter Two: Understanding Hardware........................................................................37
Lesson 2-1: Central Processing Unit (CPU) ........................................................................38
Lesson 2-2: Memory............................................................................................................40
Lesson 2-3: RAM and ROM................................................................................................42
Lesson 2-4: Mouse...............................................................................................................44
Lesson 2-5: Keyboard..........................................................................................................46
Lesson 2-6: Digital Cameras and Web Cams.......................................................................48
Lesson 2-7: Other Input Devices .........................................................................................50
Lesson 2-8: Monitor ............................................................................................................52
Lesson 2-9: Graphics Card ..................................................................................................54
Lesson 2-10: Printer Basics .................................................................................................56
Lesson 2-11: Types of Printers.............................................................................................58
Lesson 2-12: Sound and Speakers .......................................................................................60
Lesson 2-13: Modem...........................................................................................................62
Lesson 2-14: Input/Output Devices .....................................................................................63
Lesson 2-15: Hard Drive .....................................................................................................64
Lesson 2-16: Hard Drive Maintenance................................................................................66
Lesson 2-17: CD-ROM Drive .............................................................................................68
Lesson 2-18: DVD Drive.....................................................................................................70
Lesson 2-19: Floppy Drive ..................................................................................................72
Lesson 2-20: Zip and Jaz Drives .........................................................................................73
Lesson 2-21: Other Storage Devices....................................................................................74
Lesson 2-22: Formatting a Disk ..........................................................................................75
Chapter Two Review ...........................................................................................................76
Chapter Three: Understanding Software......................................................................81
4 Computer Basics
? 2003 CustomGuide, Inc.
Lesson 3-1: Understanding Graphical User Interfaces.........................................................82
Lesson 3-2: Types of Software.............................................................................................83
Lesson 3-3: Operating Systems............................................................................................84
Lesson 3-4: Word Processing...............................................................................................86
Lesson 3-5: Spreadsheets.....................................................................................................87
Lesson 3-6: Databases..........................................................................................................88
Lesson 3-7: Presentation Software.......................................................................................90
Lesson 3-8: Accounting .......................................................................................................91
Lesson 3-9: Web Browsing ..................................................................................................92
Lesson 3-10: Web Authoring ...............................................................................................93
Lesson 3-11: Programming Languages................................................................................94
Lesson 3-12: Systems Development ....................................................................................96
Chapter Three Review .........................................................................................................98
Chapter Four: Information Networks..........................................................................103
Lesson 4-1: Introduction to Networks................................................................................104
Lesson 4-2: The Internet ....................................................................................................106
Lesson 4-3: Intranets and Extranets ...................................................................................108
Lesson 4-4: Telephones and Networks...............................................................................110
Chapter Four Review .........................................................................................................112
Chapter Five: Introduction to Windows XP.................................................................117
Lesson 5-1: Starting and Logging On to Windows XP Home ...........................................118
Lesson 5-2: Starting and Logging On to Windows XP Professional..................................119
Lesson 5-3: Understanding the Windows XP Screen.........................................................120
Lesson 5-4: A Look at the New Windows XP Start Menu .................................................122
Lesson 5-5: Using the Mouse: Pointing, Clicking and Double-clicking............................124
Lesson 5-6: Using the Mouse: Clicking and Dragging ............................
Lesson 5-8: Using the Keyboard........................................................................................130
Lesson 5-9: Exiting Windows and Turning Off Your Computer........................................132
Chapter Five Review..........................................................................................................134
Chapter Six: Working with a Window..........................................................................137
Lesson 6-1: Starting a Program..........................................................................................138
Lesson 6-2: Understanding the Parts of a Window............................................................140
Lesson 6-3: Minimizing, Maximizing, and Restoring a Window ......................................142
Lesson 6-4: Closing a Window ..........................................................................................144
Lesson 6-5: Moving a Window..........................................................................................145
Lesson 6-6: Sizing a Window ............................................................................................146
Lesson 6-7: Switching Between Windows.........................................................................148
Chapter Six Review ...........................................................................................................150
Chapter Seven: Working with Programs......................................................................153
Lesson 7-1: Using Menus ..................................................................................................154
Lesson 7-2: Using Toolbars ...............................................................................................156
Lesson 7-3: Filling Out a Dialog Box................................................................................158
Lesson 7-4: Entering Text in the WordPad Program..........................................................160
Lesson 7-5: Editing Text ....................................................................................................162
Lesson 7-6: Saving and Opening a File .............................................................................164
Lesson 7-7: Selecting, Replacing, and Deleting Text ........................................................166
Lesson 7-8: Using Undo ....................................................................................................168
Lesson 7-9: Printing a File.................................................................................................169
Lesson 7-10: Cutting, Copying and Pasting Text...............................................................170
Lesson 7-11: Changing the Font Type and Size.................................................................172
Lesson 7-12: Using Bold, Italics and Underline ................................................................174
Lesson 7-13: Changing Paragraph Alignment ...................................................................175
Lesson 7-14: Getting Help by Contents.............................................................................176
Lesson 7-15: Getting Help with the Help Index and Search..............................................178
Lesson 7-16: Saving and Opening Files in Different Locations ........................................180
Chapter Seven Review.......................................................................................................182
Chapter Eight: Working with Files and Folders .........................................................191
Lesson 8-1: Understanding Storage Devices, Folders and Files........................................192
Lesson 8-2: Using My Computer to See What’s in Your Computer ..................................194
Lesson 8-3: Opening a Folder............................................................................................196
Lesson 8-4: Creating and Renaming a Folder....................................................................198
Lesson 8-5: Copying, Moving and Deleting a Folder........................................................200
Lesson 8-6: Opening, Renaming and Deleting a File ........................................................202
Lesson 8-7: Copying and Moving a File ...........................................................................204
Lesson 8-8: Restoring a Deleted File and Emptying the Recycle Bin...............................206
Lesson 8-9: A Closer Look at Files and Folders ................................................................208
Lesson 8-10: Changing How Information is Displayed.....................................................210
Lesson 8-11: Selecting Multiple Files and Folders............................................................212
Lesson 8-12: Finding a File Using the Search Companion ...............................................214
Lesson 8-13: Managing the Search Companion ................................................................216
Lesson 8-14: Using Windows Explorer .............................................................................218
Lesson 8-15: File Management Using Windows Explorer ................................................220
Lesson 8-16: Using MS-DOS............................................................................................222
Lesson 8-17: Creating and Using a Compressed Folder....................................................224
Chapter Eight Review........................................................................................................226
Chapter Nine: Exploring the Internet.........................................................................235
Lesson 9-1: Introduction to the Internet ............................................................................236
Lesson 9-2: Connecting to the Internet..............................................................................238
Lesson 9-3: Displaying a Specific Web Page ....................................................................240
Lesson 9-4: Browsing the Web..........................................................................................242
Lesson 9-5: Searching the Web..........................................................................................244
Lesson 9-6: Adding a Web Page to Favorites and Changing Your Home Page .................246
Lesson 9-7: Displaying a History of Visited Web Pages ...................................................248
Lesson 9-8: Clearing the History of Visited Web Pages ....................................................249
Lesson 9-9: Downloading Pictures and Files.....................................................................250
Lesson 9-10: Understanding the Information Bar .............................................................252
Lesson 9-11: Using the Pop-up Blocker ............................................................................253
Lesson 9-12: Understanding Information Security............................................................254
Lesson 9-13: Understanding Windows Firewall................................................................255
Lesson 9-14: Introduction to E-mail..................................................................................256
Lesson 9-15: Composing and Sending E-mail...................................................................258
Lesson 9-16: Adding a Name to the Address Book ...........................................................260
Lesson 9-17: Receiving E-mail..........................................................................................262
Lesson 9-18: Replying to a Message .................................................................................264
Lesson 9-19: Forwarding and Deleting a Message............................................................265
Chapter Nine Review.........................................................................................................266
Index..................................................................................................................................274

博弈-由感性认识到理性认识

2008-11-06 12:55:11

由感性认识到理性认识
——透析一类搏弈游戏的解答过程

一、游戏 2
二、从简单入手 2
三、类比与联想 6
四、证明 8
五、推广 11
六、精华 12
七、结论 16
八、总结 17

Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time to Event Data

2008-11-04 08:28:53

Review
"...highly recommended..." -- Statistical Methods in Medical Research, August 1999

"This is actually a great book to read. It has a wealth of examples and applications." -- Technometrics, February, 2001

"This is actually a great book to read. It has a wealth of examples and applications." (Technometrics, February, 2001) ...ideal textbook for people with knowledge of regression analysis who want to become acquainted with the methods of survival analysis. (International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 30 No 2 2001) "...highly recommended..." (Statistical Methods in Medical Research, August 1999)

"This is actually a great book to read. It has a wealth of examples and applications." (Technometrics, February, 2001)

...the book is an ideal textbook for people with knowledge of regression analysis who want to become acquainted with the methods of survival analysis. (International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 30 No 2 2001)

"...highly recommended..." (Statistical Methods in Medical Research, August 1999)

"...the goal of this book is to provide a focused text on regression modeling for the time to event data typically encountered in health related studies...a good description of its contents." (Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 966, 2001/16)

...ideal textbook for people with knowledge of regression analysis who want to become acquainted with the methods of survival analysis. -- International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 30 No 2 2001

Product Description
A Practical, Up-To-Date Guide To Modern Methods In The Analysis Of Time To Event Data.

The rapid proliferation of powerful and affordable statistical software packages over the past decade has inspired the development of an array of valuable new methods for analyzing survival time data. Yet there continues to be a paucity of statistical modeling guides geared to the concerns of health-related researchers who study time to event data. This book helps bridge this important gap in the literature.

Applied Survival Analysis is a comprehensive introduction to regression modeling for time to event data used in epidemiological, biostatistical, and other health-related research. Unlike other texts on the subject, it focuses almost exclusively on practical applications rather than mathematical theory and offers clear, accessible presentations of modern modeling techniques supplemented with real-world examples and case studies. While the authors emphasize the proportional hazards model, descriptive methods and parametric models are also considered in some detail. Key topics covered in depth include:
* Variable selection.
* Identification of the scale of continuous covariates.
* The role of interactions in the model.
* Interpretation of a fitted model.
* Assessment of fit and model assumptions.
* Regression diagnostics.
* Recurrent event models, frailty models, and additive models.
* Commercially available statistical software and getting the most out of it.

Applied Survival Analysis is an ideal introduction for graduate students in biostatistics and epidemiology, as well as researchers in health-related fields.

Data Munging with Perl

2008-09-22 15:27:07

The book begins by addressing introductory and general topics, before gradually
exploring more complex types of data munging.
PART I sets the scene for the rest of the book.
Chapter 1 introduces data munging and Perl. I discuss why Perl is particularly
well suited to data munging and survey the types of data that you might meet,
along with the mechanisms for receiving and sending data.
Chapter 2 contains general methods that can be used to make data munging
programs more efficient. A particularly important part of this chapter is the discussion
of the UNIX filter model for program input and output.
Chapter 3 discusses a number of Perl idioms that will be useful across a number
of different data munging tasks, including sorting data and accessing databases.
Chapter 4 introduces Perl’s pattern-matching facilities, a fundamental part of
many data munging programs.
PART II begins our survey of data formats by looking at unstructured and
record-structured data.
Chapter 5 surveys unstructured data. We concentrate on processing free text and
producing statistics from a text file. We also go over a couple of techniques for converting
numbers between formats.
Chapter 6 considers record-oriented data. We look at reading and writing data
one record at a time and consider the best ways to split records into individual
fields. In this chapter, we also take a closer glance at one common record-oriented
file format: comma-separated values (CSV) files, view more complex record types,
and examine Perl’s data handling facilities.
Chapter 7 discusses fixed-width and binary data. We compare several techniques
for splitting apart fixed-width records and for writing results into a fixed-width format.
Then, using the example of a couple of popular binary file formats, we examine
binary data.
PART III moves beyond the limits of the simple data formats into the realms of
hierarchical data structures and parsers.
Chapter 8 investigates the limitations of the data formats that we have seen previously
and suggests good reasons for wanting more complex formats. We then see
how the methods we have used so far start to break down on more complex data
like HTML. We also take a brief look at an introduction to parsing theory.
Chapter 9 explores how to extract useful information from documents marked
up with HTML. We cover a number of HTML parsing tools available for Perl and
discuss their suitability to particular tasks.
Chapter 10 discusses XML. First, we consider the limitations of HTML and the
advantages of XML. Then, we look at XML parsers available for use with Perl.
Chapter 11 demonstrates how to write parsers for your own data structures
using a parser-building tool available for Perl.
PART IV concludes our tour with a brief review as well as suggestions for further
study.
Appendix A is a guide to many of the Perl modules covered in the book.
Appendix B provides a rudimentary introduction to Perl.

Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data

2008-09-18 07:46:23

Product Description

Web mining aims to discover useful information and knowledge from the Web hyperlink structure, page contents, and usage data. Although Web mining uses many conventional data mining techniques, it is not purely an application of traditional data mining due to the semistructured and unstructured nature of the Web data and its heterogeneity. It has also developed many of its own algorithms and techniques.

Liu has written a comprehensive text on Web data mining. Key topics of structure mining, content mining, and usage mining are covered both in breadth and in depth. His book brings together all the essential concepts and algorithms from related areas such as data mining, machine learning, and text processing to form an authoritative and coherent text.

The book offers a rich blend of theory and practice, addressing seminal research ideas, as well as examining the technology from a practical point of view. It is suitable for students, researchers and practitioners interested in Web mining both as a learning text and a reference book. Lecturers can readily use it for classes on data mining, Web mining, and Web search. Additional teaching materials such as lecture slides, datasets, and implemented algorithms are available online.

About the Author

Bing Liu is an associate professor in Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). He received his PhD degree in Artificial Intelligence from the University of Edinburgh. Before joining UIC in 2002, he was with the National University of Singapore. His research interests include data mining, Web mining, text mining, and machine learning. He has published extensively in these areas in leading conferences and journals. He served (or serves) as a vice chair, deputy vice chair or program committee member of many conferences, including WWW, KDD, ICML, VLDB, ICDE, AAAI, SDM, CIKM and ICDM.

Graph Theroy

2008-09-14 04:36:59

Graph theory is a flourishing discipline containing a body of beautiful and powerful theorems of wide applicability. Its explosive growth in recent years is mainly due to its role as an essential structure underpinning modern applied mathematics – computer science, combinatorial optimization, and operations research in particular – but also to its increasing application in the more applied sciences. The versatility of graphs makes them indispensable tools in the design and analysis of communication networks, for instance.

The primary aim of this book is to present a coherent introduction to the subject, suitable as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in mathematics and computer science. It provides a systematic treatment of the theory of graphs without sacrificing its intuitive and aesthetic appeal. Commonly used proof techniques are described and illustrated, and a wealth of exercises - of varying levels of difficulty - are provided to help the reader master the techniques and reinforce their grasp of the material.

A second objective is to serve as an introduction to research in graph theory. To this end, sections on more advanced topics are included, and a number of interesting and challenging open problems are highlighted and discussed in some detail. Despite this more advanced material, the book has been organized in such a way that an introductory course on graph theory can be based on the first few sections of selected chapters.

超级电脑技巧3000招

2008-09-11 08:58:33

电脑技巧哦，值得一看

Java,VB游戏开发合集[5][seanet][chmpdf].rar

2008-08-17 08:54:07

Java游戏高级编程
Developing Games in Java
Microsoft Visual Basic Game Programming with DirectX
Siemens Mobility Toolkit for Java DevelopmentDeveloping Games with the Game API
Cutting Edge Java Game Programming
VB - GraphicX - Video Game Engine OCX for Visual Basic
java游戏开发
Java Game Programming For Dummies
Black_Art_of_Java_Game_Programming
Micro Java Game Development.pdf
Java 1.4 Game Programming (647 Pages) 2003 - (By Laxxuss)
Visual Basic Game Programming with DirectX
J2ME.Game.Programming
The.Art.of.Assembly.Language.

The University of Google

2008-08-12 09:29:17

书名：The University of Google
作者：Tara Brabazon
出版：Ashgate 2007
ISBN：075467097X
格式：PDF；1.16MB；273页
Contents
Introduction Living (in the) post 1
Section One – Literacy
1 BA (Google): graduating to information literacy 15
2 Digital Eloi and analogue Morlocks 51
Section Two – Culture
3 Stretching ?exible learning 71
4 An i-diots guide to i-lectures 103
5 Popular culture and the sensuality of education 131
Section Three – Critique
6 Exploiting knowledge? 155
7 Deglobalizing education 179
8 Burning towers and smouldering truth: September 11 and the
changes to critical literacy 193
Conclusion The gift: why education matters 215
Select bibliography 223
Index 225

Introduction
Living (in the) post
With the public sector, education, the welfare state – all the big, ‘safe’ institutions – up against
the wall, there’s nothing good or clever or heroic about going under. When all is said and
done, why bother to think ‘deeply’ when you’re not being paid to think deeply?1
Dick Hebdige
Face it: You’re always just a breath away from a job in telemarketing.
2
Douglas Coupland
University teaching is a special job. It is a joy to wake up in the morning knowing that
during each working day, an extraordinary event or experience will jut out from the
banal rhythms of administration, answering emails and endlessly buzzing telephones.
Students, in these ruthless times, desperately want to feel something – anything – beyond
the repetitive and pointless patterns of the casualized workplace and the selection of
mobile phone ring tones. This cutting consumerism subtly corrodes the self. These
students follow anyone who makes them feel more than a number, more than labour
fodder for fast food outlets. I believe in these students, and I need to believe that the
future they create will be better than the intellectual shambles we have bequeathed them.
Being a teacher is a privilege to never take for granted. The bond between students and
educators is not severed when a certi?cate is presented. We share a memory of change,
of difference, of feeling that we can change the world, one person at a time.
In 2002, I wrote about teaching in a rage. Digital Hemlock3
was an angry book, howling
at the economic decisions and choices made by our university administrators, prioritizing
technology over people, and applications over ideas. I was frustrated and amazed at the
gnorance and ineptitude that was dismissing the expertise of teachers, and ignoring the
outstanding range of educational literature urging caution in unstintingly embracing
technological change over more nuanced theories of learning. The response to this
embittered book from readers was immediate, powerful and embracing. Letters ?ooded
my mail box. Emails deluged my in-box. It was as if neglected and concerned teachers
had been seething with anger – waiting to express critique and ask the dif?cult questions

经典电脑书籍合集

2008-07-31 21:43:47

本书有以下组成
WinXP使用技巧（58集版本）
电脑故障维修判断指导大全
电脑技巧精彩文章100篇
电脑完全优化手册
电脑应用文章精华
经典电脑故障全攻略
玩转电脑的基本功
主板知识
电脑技巧精彩文章100篇

Parameter Setting In Evolutionary Algorithms

2008-06-17 03:13:58

Preface

One of the main difficulties that a user faces when applying an evolutionary
algorithm (or, as a matter of fact, any heuristic method) to solve a given problem
is to decide on an appropriate set of parameter values. Before running
the algorithm, the user typically has to specify values for a number of parameters,
such as population size, selection rate, and operator probabilities,
not to mention the representation and the operators themselves. Over the
years, there have been numerous research studies on different approaches to
automate control of these parameters as well as understand their interactions.
At the 2005 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, held in
Seattle, the first two editors of this book organized a workshop entitled Parameter
setting in evolutionary algorithms. Shortly after we announced the
workshop, we were approached by Janusz Kacprzyk to prepare a volume containing
extended versions of some of the papers presented at the workshop,
as well as contributions from other authors in the field.
We gladly accepted the invitation and Zbigniew Michalewicz joined us in
the project.
The resulting work is in front of you, a book with 15 chapters covering the
topic on various areas of evolutionary computation, including genetic algorithms,
evolution strategies, genetic programming, estimation of distribution
algorithms, and also discussing the issues of specific parameters used in parallel
implementations, multi-objective EAs, and practical consideration used
for real-world applications. Some of these chapters are overview oriented while
others describe recent advances in the area.
In the first chapter, Ken De Jong gives us an historical overview on parameterized
evolutionary algorithms, as well as his personal view on the issues
related to parameter adaptation. De Jong was the first person to conduct a
systematic study of the effect of parameters on the performance of genetic
algorithms, and it is interesting to hear his view now that more than 30 years
have passed since his 1975 PhD dissertation.
In the second chapter, Agoston Eiben et al. present a survey of the area
giving special attention to on-the-fly parameter setting.
In chapter 3, Silja Meyer-Nieberg and Hans-Georg Beyer focus on selfadaptation,
a technique that consists of encoding parameters into the individual’s
genome and evolving them together with the problem’s decision variables,
and that has been mainly used in the area of evolutionary programming
and evolution strategies.
Chapter 4 by Dirk Thierens deals with adaptive operator allocation. These
rules are often used for learning probability values of applying a given operator
from a fixed set of variation operators. Thierens surveys the probability
matching method, which has been incorporated in several adaptive operator
allocation algorithms proposed in the literature, and proposes an alternative
method called the adaptive pursuit strategy. The latter turns out to exhibit
a better performance than the probability matching method, in a controlled,
non-stationary environment.
In chapter 5, Mike Preuss and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein present the sequential
parameter optimization (SPO), a technique based on statistical design of
experiments. The authors motivate the technique and demonstrate its usefulness
for experimental analysis. As a test case, the SPO procedure is applied
to self-adaptive EA variants for binary coded problems.
In chapter 6, Bo Yuan and Marcus Gallagher bring a statistical technique
called Racing, originally proposed in the machine learning field, to the context
of choosing parameter settings in EAs. In addition, they also suggest an
hybridization scheme for combining the technique with meta-EAs.
In chapter 7, Alan Piszcz and Terrence Soule discuss structure altering
mutation techniques in genetic programming and observe that the parameter
settings associated with the operators generally show a nonlinear response
with respect to population fitness and computational effort.
In chapter 8, Michael Samples et al. present Commander, a software solution
that assists the user in conducting parameter sweep experiments in a
distributed computing environment.
In chapter 9, Fernando Lobo and Cl′audio Lima provide a review of various
adaptive population sizing methods that have been proposed for genetic
algorithms. For each method, the major advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
The chapter ends with some recommendations for those who design
and compare self-adjusting population sizing mechanisms for genetic algorithms.
In chapter 10, Tian-Li Yu et al. suggest an adaptive population sizing
scheme for genetic algorithms. The method has strong similarities with the
work proposed by Smith and Smuda in 1993, but the components of the population
sizing model are automatically estimated through the use of linkagelearning
techniques.
In chapter 11, Martin Pelikan et al. present a parameter-less version of
the hierarchical Bayesian optimization algorithm (hBOA). The resulting algorithm
solves nearly decomposable and hierarchical problems in a quadratic
or subquadratic number of function evaluations without the need of user inter
vention for setting parameters. The chapter also discusses how the parameterless
technique can be applied to other estimation of distribution algorithms.
In chapter 12, Kalyanmoy Deb presents a functional decomposition of
an evolutionary multi-objective methodology and shows how a specific algorithm,
the elitist non-dominated sorting GA (NSGA-II), was designed and
implemented without the need of any additional parameter with respect to
those existing in a traditional EA. Deb argues that this property of NSGA-II
is one of the main reasons for its success and popularity.
In chapter 13, Erick Cant′u-Paz presents theoretical models that predict
the effects of the parameters in parallel genetic algorithms. The models explore
the effect of communication topologies, migration rates, population sizing, and
migration strategies. Although the models make assumptions about the class
of problems being solved, they provide useful guidelines for practitioners who
are looking for increased efficiency by means of parallelization.
In chapter 14, Zbigniew Michalewicz and Martin Schmidt summarize their
experience of tuning and/or controlling various parameters of evolutionary
algorithms from working on real word problems. A car distribution system
is used as an example. The authors also discuss prediction and optimization
issues present in dynamic environments, and explain the ideas behind Adaptive
Business Intelligence.
The last chapter of the book, by Neal Wagner and Zbigniew Michalewicz,
presents the results of recent studies investigating non-static parameter settings
that are controlled by feedback from the genetic programming search
process in the context of forecasting applications.
We hope you will find the volume enjoyable and inspiring; we also invite
you to take part in future workshops on Parameter setting in evolutionary
algorithms!
Faro, Portugal, Fernando Lobo
Faro, Portugal, Cl′audio Lima
Adelaide, Australia, Zbigniew Michalewicz
November 2006

Contents

Parameter Setting in EAs: a 30 Year Perspective
Kenneth De Jong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms
A.E. Eiben, Z. Michalewicz, M. Schoenauer, J.E. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Self-Adaptation in Evolutionary Algorithms
Silja Meyer-Nieberg, Hans-Georg Beyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Adaptive Strategies for Operator Allocation
Dirk Thierens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Sequential Parameter Optimization Applied to Self-
Adaptation for Binary-Coded Evolutionary Algorithms
Mike Preuss, Thomas Bartz-Beielstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Combining Meta-EAs and Racing for Difficult EA Parameter
Tuning Tasks
Bo Yuan, Marcus Gallagher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Genetic Programming: Parametric Analysis of Structure
Altering Mutation Techniques
Alan Piszcz and Terence Soule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Parameter Sweeps for Exploring Parameter Spaces of Genetic
and Evolutionary Algorithms
Michael E. Samples, Matthew J. Byom, Jason M. Daida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Adaptive Population Sizing Schemes in Genetic Algorithms
Fernando G. Lobo, Cl′audio F. Lima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Population Sizing to Go: Online Adaptation Using Noise and
Substructural Measurements
Tian-Li Yu, Kumara Sastry, David E. Goldberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Parameter-less Hierarchical Bayesian Optimization Algorithm
Martin Pelikan, Alexander Hartmann, and Tz-Kai Lin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization Without
Additional Parameters
Kalyanmoy Deb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Parameter Setting in Parallel Genetic Algorithms
Erick Cant′u-Paz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Parameter Control in Practice
Zbigniew Michalewicz, Martin Schmidt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Parameter Adaptation for GP Forecasting Applications
Neal Wagner, Zbigniew Michalewicz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

The Information System Consultant's Handbook : Systems Analysis and Design

2008-06-04 14:17:08

Editorial Reviews

Review
written in a readable style that should serve both experienced and beginning analysts. For the experienced analysts it will help maintain a firm grasp of those techniques and tools that are the mainstay of the system analystexcellent review toolFor the beginner it provides a survey of major tools, techniques, principles and methodologieschapters are organized in a way that makes it easy to compare the tools and methodologies, a major strength of the handbook.
--E-STREAMS, Vol. 3, No. 5

Review
written in a readable style that should serve both experienced and beginning analysts. For the experienced analysts it will help maintain a firm grasp of those techniques and tools that are the mainstay of the system analystexcellent review toolFor the beginner it provides a survey of major tools, techniques, principles and methodologieschapters are organized in a way that makes it easy to compare the tools and methodologies, a major strength of the handbook.
--E-STREAMS, Vol. 3, No. 5

Preface

Purpose
As the title implies, The Information System Consultant’s Handbook: Systems
Analysis and Design, was written for professional systems analysts, system
designers, and information system consultants.
The premise is simple. If you are an information system professional,
you often work with existing documentation and are frequently assigned to
a new system development project in midstream, after considerable work
has already been done. In both cases you are likely to encounter unfamiliar
documentation, tools, techniques, and methodologies. The schedule is
(always) tight, so you must quickly get “up to speed” and begin contributing.
This book is written to help you quickly get up to speed.
Assumed background
The Information System Consultant’s Handbook: Systems Analysis and Design
assumes that you have a firm grasp of basic information processing technology
and that you have had some experience analyzing and designing information
systems. Consequently, you understand the underlying principles.
The material contained in this book builds on those principles.

Contents

Part I: Principles
Chapter 1 The systems development life cycle
William S. Davis
Chapter 2 Information engineering
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 3 Structured analysis and design
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 4 Structured requirements definition
David C. Yen and William S. Davi
Chapter 5 CASE
T. M. Rajkumar
Chapter 6 Object-oriented concepts
William S. Davis
Chapter 7 Expert system analysis and design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Part II: Information gathering and problem definition
Chapter 8 Interviewing
William S. Davis
Chapter 9 Sampling
Michael S. Broida
Chapter 10 Control Charts
Timothy C. Krehbiel
Chapter 11 Pareto diagrams
Timothy C. Krehbiel
Chapter 12 The problem statement
William S. Davis
Chapter 13 The feasibility study
William S. Davis
Chapter 14 Joint application design (JAD)
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 15 Problem analysis paradigms
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 16 Requirements analysis paradigms
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 17 Survey planning and questionnaire design
Bruce L. Bowerman and Richard T. O’Connell
Chapter 18 Cause-and-effect diagrams
John “Skip” Benamati and Timothy C. Krehbiel
Chapter 19 Simulation
Eleni Pratsini
Part III: Project planning and project management
Chapter 20 Gantt charts
William S. Davis
Chapter 21 Project networks, PERT, and CPM
William S. Davis
Chapter 22 Crash mode analysis
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 23 Inspections and walkthroughs
William S. Davis
Part IV: Systems analysis
Chapter 24 Data flow diagrams
William S. Davis
Chapter 25 The data dictionary
William S. Davis
Chapter 26 Entity-relationship diagrams
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 27 Inverted-L charts
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 28 Data normalization
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 29 Object-oriented methods
T. M. Rajkumar
Chapter 30 State transition diagrams
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 31 Prototyping
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 32 Rapid application development (RAD)
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 33 Warnier-Orr diagrams
David C. Haddad and William S. Davis
Chapter 34 Expert system problem-solving analysis
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 35 The requirements specification
William S. Davis
Part V: Identifying alternatives
Chapter 36 Automation boundaries
William S. Davis
Chapter 37 System flowcharts
William S. Davis
Chapter 38 Cost/benefit analysis
William S. Davis
Chapter 39 Risk-payoff analysis
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 40 Business function-task analysis
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 41 Competitive procurement
William S. Davis
Part VI: Component design
Chapter 42 Hardware interface design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 43 Data structures
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 44 Traditional file design
William S. Davis
Chapter 45 Database design
John “Skip” Benamati
Chapter 46 Data entry forms and screens
William S. Davis
Chapter 47 Report design
William S. Davis
Chapter 48 User interface design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 49 Dialogue design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 50 Window design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 51 Web page design
William S. Davis
Chapter 52 Network models
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 53 Network analysis
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 54 Network routing tools and techniques
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 55 Logic (process) flowcharts
William S. Davis
Chapter 56 Nassi-Shneiderman charts
William S. Davis
Chapter 57 Decision trees
William S. Davis
Chapter 58 Decision tables
William S. Davis
Chapter 59 Pseudocode
William S. Davis
Chapter 60 Structured English
William S. Davis
Chapter 61 Process design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 62 Structured program design
William S. Davis
Chapter 63 Structure charts
William S. Davis
Chapter 64 HIPO (hierarchy plus input-process-output)
William S. Davis
Chapter 65 Action diagrams
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 66 Object-oriented software design
T. M. Rajkumar
Chapter 67 Knowledge representation
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 68 Natural language processing
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 69 Customizing commercial software
Dan Terrio and Maria Scott
Chapter 70 Documentation design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 71 Security
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 72 General systems design principles
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 73 Real-time system design
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Part VII: Testing and implementation
Chapter 74 The test plan
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 75 Test data
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 76 Implementation
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Part VIII: Operation and maintenance
Chapter 77 System controls
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 78 Performance analysis
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 79 Queuing Theory
Neil B. Marks
Chapter 80 Configuration management
David C. Yen and William S. Davis
Chapter 81 Maintenance
William S. Davis and David C. Yen
Chapter 82 Database administration
John “Skip” Benamati
Glossary
Trademarks

Persuasive Technology : Using Computers To Change What We Think And Do

2008-06-04 00:34:12

Foreword

by Philip G. Zimbardo, Ph.D.

Professor of Psychology, Stanford University
President of the American Psychological Association, 2002

Captivated by Captology
I like to think that I am the midwife of this extraordinary brainchild of B.J. Fogg’s. A few years ago, B.J. was my teaching associate in a novel course I had created on the psychology of mind control. In the section he designed, B.J. decided to structure his course activities around a set of new concepts that he was developing for his dissertation. He was engaged in original research exploring the parallels between the persuasive influence of computers and human agents. His thinking extended the recent work of Byron Reeves and Cliff Nass, who along with Terry Winograd and myself, comprised his dissertation committee. Reeves and Nass were among the first communications researchers to identify the ways in which people treat computers and other media similarly to the ways they deal with real—nonvirtual—people.

B.J.’s experimental research convincingly demonstrated that basic principles of social psychology operated in creating “charismatic computers” that were perceived as likeable and credible. His students were fascinated by the work they did under his supervision, as was I. The more he taught me about the breadth and depth of the ideas emerging from his new perspective, the more I was convinced he was onto something really hot. When we discussed publication of his ideas, I urged him to go beyond burying these vital messages in academic journals, which might have limited and surely delayed impact on the field. Instead, I urged B.J. to think on a grander scale and write this book.

What you, dear reader, hold in your hands is the very first book on a totally new field of intellectual inquiry, one that has important practical implications for a host of people across many different domains, all centered around persuasion. You will find it a wonderfully rich mine of novel insights and potentially powerful applications written in a clear, compelling, readable style. And, of course, you can trust what you read and learn, because B.J. Fogg is The credible communicator on this topic. His expertise soon will become evident to you, and I will vouch for his trustworthiness until you can establish it on your own.

The audience for this book goes well beyond social scientists to all those involved in human-computer interactions, in health care delivery, in marketing any product, in civic affairs, and, of course, the general public. Why? Because B.J. Fogg informs us all of the many new uses of computer-centered persuasive influences that can be more effective in some circumstances than human agents of persuasion.

“Captology” is the term that B.J. coined to capture the domain of research, design, and applications of persuasive computers. It is an acronym for computers as persuasive technologies. I predict it soon will be coin of the realm for all those interested in how interactive technologies can operate to change opinions, attitudes, and values and to affect the behavior of people—in short, for understanding how these new machines can change old minds in specific, predictable ways.

Much of my professional life has been devoted to documenting the tremendous influence that social factors exert on people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions. But psychology, like many other domains of study, has promoted an approach focused on the individual in order to understand how people change, thus biasing the search for antecedents on dispositional attributes, on qualities inside the person. We fail to recognize the power and pervasiveness of a range of subtle situational variables that may operate on us in subtle ways to transform behavioral options. Roles, rules, uniforms, groups, situational norms, social models, prevailing ideologies, labels, terminology, signs, symbols, and more can induce, initiate, and seduce us to do things we think of as ego-alien. I have seen this first hand in my research on cults, deindividuation, cognitive dissonance, and my Stanford Prison Experiment. Yet, the power of social factors has not ceased to amaze me. Smart people can be led to make stupid decisions, normal people to behave abnormally, and good people to engage in evil deeds— all at the flick of a situational switch.

This research and the classic studies on blind obedience to authority by Stanley Milgram, my Bronx high school classmate, reveal the amazing extent to which behavior can be brought under situational control. Although these examples of controlled laboratory experiments are limited in duration and venue, there are an endless number of “real-world experiments” being conducted every day, in many places around our nation and the globe, without oversight or even evaluation of their continued effectiveness. The social experiment of U.S. prisons is one example of a continuing failed hypothesis for controlling crime and reducing criminal behavior. The same could be said of other government-inspired attempts at societal interventions, among them the “war on poverty,” “the war on drugs,” and “the war on terrorism.”

Our world and technology have evolved dramatically since my Yale University mentor, Carl Hovland, first began the systematic investigation of communication and persuasion in the 1950s. Although groundbreaking at the time, that work never advanced technologically beyond paper-and-pencil questionnaires. The time has come for us to pay attention to how technology can—and will—be designed to change how people think and what they do. Not to do so would be at our peril. We would miss opportunities to bring about positive, desired changes in people’s lives. We would be slow to take necessary steps against unwanted persuasion by unethical agencies using this new technology for profit or political advantage. And, we would lose time in understanding more fully the dynamics of attitude and value formation, as well as their change.

Twenty-first-century technology is already replacing people deemed in many spheres of the workplace as little more than “the human burden on profits, due to personal inefficiencies”—bank tellers, gas station attendants, information operators, check-out cashiers, to start. Such workers will be replaced by interactive technology media that are more efficient, never complain or get sick, persist despite boring tasks, are not unionized, and expect neither vacations nor raises. This model will be extended to every domain where people are seen as expendable. Their knowledge will be incorporated by systems technologies, their expertise mimicked by robots or smart software, their personal time limitations eliminated through accessibility 24/7. The bottlenecks they create—by being too few for the needs of too many—will be resolved by less highly credentialed staff who will serve as the centralized resource in a technology based delivery system.

If all of us, professionals and citizens alike, comprehend how computers can be used to persuade us to take control over the decisions affecting our health and well being, we can harness this power for the good it can impart, while sounding alarms against the dark side of this force of persuasive influence. Understanding the deep nature of captology is essential to prepare us to appreciate how persuasive technologies can work to get a message across to change thoughts, feelings, and actions.

In many ways this book is about the future of influence—how people are persuaded, how people are motivated to take actions. B.J. Fogg asserts that the future of influence lies in digital technology, and I believe he is on the right path. We are still inculcated with the old model framed by Niccolo Machiavelli that human beings are the effective agents of influence; we ignore the alternative model first outlined by George Orwell in 1984 that technology could be corrupted by Big Brother to control the minds of the masses.

How effective will the new computer technology become as a source of influence to modify our decisions and behaviors? It is too soon to know, but the emerging evidence from research laboratories and from products already being tested and used in the marketplace informs us that computers do indeed influence people.

I think of myself as a low-tech guy, but nevertheless I strongly believe in the substantial power that new computer technologies will have to influence us. These emerging interactive technologies will have undeniably impressive capabilities to influence certain people to take designated actions to achieve specific outcomes in particular realms of their lives. In my mind, it’s not a matter of whether computers can influence us, that’s been demonstrated by B.J. and others. Instead, it’s now a matter of understanding the scope of that influence—how far and how effectively will persuasive technologies reach into our lives?

Consider a single example: the explosion of obesity and adult onset diabetes in the United States, now approaching an epidemic. Computer technologies may offer the only reasonable behavior modification program that can reach millions of people every day with persistent messages about dieting, recording weight, and being part of a social support group; bypass shame and guilt through anonymous participation; give rewards and incentives; and provide convenience and economy once you own the equipment.

Yes, of course, there will be undesirable applications for persuasive technology, and we must be on guard to identify and expose them, as we would for negative human persuasive sources. Yet, our focus as concerned citizens, psychologists, and creators of computer systems should be on discovering how to utilize this new power of persuasive technology wisely and well!

I know you will learn much from reading this remarkable book that can serve as the starting point for a new conversation about the place of computers as influence agents in our everyday lives. This collective conversation about how technology can motivate and persuade us starts today but will last for decades. Be sure also to review B.J.’s informative Notes and References at the end of each chapter. Finally, check out his Web site (www.persuasivetech.info) for additional materials, graphic illustrations, and updates on captology. Perhaps we can persuade him to facilitate the national dialogue on new persuasive technologies on his Web site. In the meantime, your next step is a small one on the path of this exciting new discovery—turn one page and meet the creator of captology. I give you Dr. B.J. Fogg. Take it away, B.J.!

Table of Contents

Persuasive Technology — Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do
Foreword
Preface
Introduction—Persuasion in the Digital Age
Chapter 1 - Overview of Captology
Chapter 2 - The Functional Triad—Computers in Persuasive Roles
Chapter 3 - Computers as Persuasive Tools
Chapter 4 - Computers as Persuasive Media—Simulation
Chapter 5 - Computers as Persuasive Social Actors
Chapter 6 - Credibility and Computers
Chapter 7 - Credibility and the World Wide Web
Chapter 8 - Increasing Persuasion through Mobility and Connectivity
Chapter 9 - The Ethics of Persuasive Technology
Chapter 10 - Captology—Looking Forward
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
List of Principles

程序员面试宝典

2008-05-03 14:51:55

本书取材于各大IT公司历年面试真题（笔试、口试、电话面试、英语面试，以及逻辑测试和智商测试）。详细分析了应聘程序员（含网络、测试等）职位的常见考点。本书不仅对传统的C系语言考点做了详尽解说，包括面向对象、size of、const、数据结构等，还根据外企业出題最新特点，针对设计模式C＃、网络、数据库、.NET等问題做了深入说明。最后本书着力讲述了如何进行英语面试和电话面试，并给出了大量实际英语面试中的面试題除了有详细解析和回答外，对相关知识点还有扩展说明。希望真正做到由点成线，举一反三，对读者从求职就业到提升计算..

第1部分求职过程
　第1章应聘求职
　第2章简历书写
　第3章 3种考试
　第4章职业生涯发展规划
第2部分 C/C++程序设计
　第5章程序设计基本概念
　第6章预处理、const与size of
　第7章指针与引用
　第8章循环、递归与概率
　第9章 STL模板与容器
　第10章面向对象
　第11章继承与接口
　第12章位运算与嵌入式编程
第3部分数据结构和设计模式
　第13章数据结构基础
　第14章字符串
　第15章设计模式
第4部分操作系统、数据库和网络
　第16章操作系统
　第17章数据库与SQL语言
　第18章计算机网络及分布式系统
第5部分综合面试題
　第19章英语面试
　第20章电话面试
　第21章智力测试
附录A 简历模板
附录B 面试经历总结

Fuzzy Modeling Tools for Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery

2008-04-25 13:19:28

Contents
Preface xiii
Objectives and Audience xiv
Organization of the Book xv
Algorithm Definitions and Examples xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction xix
The Modern Connected World xix
The Advent of Intelligent Models xix
Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms xxi
Part I Concepts and Issues
■ ■ ■ Chapter 1
Foundations and Ideas 3
1.1 Enterprise Applications and Analysis Models 4
1.2 Distributed and Centralized Repositories 8
1.3 The Age of Distributed Knowledge 11
1.4 Information and Knowledge Discovery 12
1.5 Data Mining and Business Models 18
1.6 Fuzzy Systems for Business Process Models 23
1.7 Evolving Distributed Fuzzy Models 25
1.8 A Sample Case: Evolving a Model for Customer Segmentation 26
1.9 Review 29
vii
viii ■ Contents
■ ■ ■ Chapter 2
Principal Model Types 31
2.1 Model and Event State Categorization 34
2.2 Model Type and Outcome Categorization 35
2.3 Review 36
■ ■ ■ Chapter 3
Approaches to Model Building 37
3.1 Ordinary Statistics 37
3.2 Nonparametric Statistics 38
3.3 Linear Regression in Statistical Models 40
3.4 Nonlinear Growth Curve Fitting 44
3.5 Cluster Analysis 47
3.6 Decision Trees and Classifiers 48
3.7 Neural Networks 51
3.8 Fuzzy SQL Systems 52
3.9 Rule Induction and Dynamic Fuzzy Models 55
3.10 Review 62
Further Reading 63
Part II Fuzzy Systems
■ ■ ■ Chapter 4
Fundamental Concepts of Fuzzy Logic 67
4.1 The Vocabulary of Fuzzy Logic 68
4.2 Boolean (Crisp) Sets: The Law of Bivalence 72
4.3 Fuzzy Sets 76
4.4 Review 93
Further Reading 94
■ ■ ■ Chapter 5
Fundamental Concepts of Fuzzy Systems 95
5.1 The Vocabulary of Fuzzy Systems 96
Contents ■ ix
5.2 Fuzzy Rule-based Systems: An Overview 100
5.3 Variable Decomposition into Fuzzy Sets 104
5.4 A Fuzzy Knowledge Base: The Details 113
5.5 The Fuzzy Inference Engine 119
5.6 Inference Engine Approaches 122
5.7 Running a Fuzzy Model 124
5.8 Review 147
■ ■ ■ Chapter 6
Fuzzy SQL and Intelligent Queries 149
6.1 The Vocabulary of Relational Databases and Queries 150
6.2 Basic Relational Database Concepts 156
6.3 Structured Query Language Fundamentals 159
6.4 Precision and Accuracy 161
6.5 Why We Search Databases 162
6.6 Expanding the Query Scope 165
6.7 Fuzzy Query Fundamentals 169
6.8 Measuring Query Compatibility 180
6.9 Complex Query Compatibility Metrics 184
6.10 Compatibility Threshold Management 187
6.11 Fuzzy SQL Process Flow 188
6.12 Fuzzy SQL Example 193
6.13 Evaluating Fuzzy SQL Outcomes 200
6.14 Review 204
Further Reading 205
■ ■ ■ Chapter 7
Fuzzy Clustering 207
7.1 The Vocabulary of Fuzzy Clustering 208
7.2 Principles of Cluster Detection 210
7.3 Some General Clustering Concepts 211
7.4 Crisp Clustering Techniques 218
7.5 Fuzzy Clustering Concepts 223
7.6 Fuzzy c-Means Clustering 228
7.7 Fuzzy Adaptive Clustering 248
x ■ Contents
7.8 Generating Rule Prototypes 259
7.9 Review 262
Further Reading 263
■ ■ ■ Chapter 8
Fuzzy Rule Induction 265
8.1 The Vocabulary of Rule Induction 266
8.2 Rule Induction and Fuzzy Models 269
8.3 The Rule Induction Algorithm 273
8.4 The Model Building Methodology 283
8.5 A Rule Induction and Model Building Example 288
8.6 Measuring Model Robustness 312
8.7 Technical Implementation 323
8.8 External Controls 325
8.9 Organization of the Knowledge Base 333
8.10 Review 337
Further Reading 338
Part III Evolutionary Strategies
■ ■ ■ Chapter 9
Fundamental Concepts of Genetic Algorithms 343
9.1 The Vocabulary of Genetic Algorithms 344
9.2 Overview 353
9.3 The Architecture of a Genetic Algorithm 365
9.4 Practical Issues in Using a Genetic Algorithm 413
9.5 Review 418
Further Reading 419
■ ■ ■ Chapter 10
Genetic Resource Scheduling Optimization 421
10.1 The Vocabulary of Resource-constrained Scheduling 421
10.2 Some Terminology Issues 425
Contents ■ xi
10.3 Fundamentals 426
10.4 Objective Functions and Constraints 428
10.5 Bringing It All Together: Constraint Scheduling 434
10.6 A Genetic Crew Scheduler Architecture 440
10.7 Implementing and Executing the Crew Scheduler 444
10.8 Topology Constraint Algorithms and Techniques 460
10.9 Adaptive Parameter Optimization 475
10.10 Review 479
Further Reading 480
■ ■ ■ Chapter 11
Genetic Tuning of Fuzzy Models 483
11.1 The Genetic Tuner Process 483
11.2 Configuration Parameters 488
11.3 Implementing and Running the Genetic Tuner 494
11.4 Advanced Genetic Tuning Issues 505
11.5 Review 515
Further Reading 516
Index 517

如何求解问题——现代启发式方法 PDF版

2008-04-17 03:48:18

这不是一本算法专著。当然书中充满了算法，但那不是本书的主题。本书自在讨论
求解问题的可能性。它不仅要向你们提供现有求解问题方法的一些必要的预备知识，更重
要的是帮助你们拓展自己的才能去构建新的问题和进行创造性的思维，以培养怎样求解问
题的才能，而这种才能己成为一种失传的艺术，人们不再投入必要时间和进行严谨的思索
去构建一个问题，为了调整对难题的支离破碎的表述，人们己变得自满并且只想抓到一个
最简便的子程序，一和包医百病的灵丹妙药。实际上，这种魔术(套用于程序的办法)的
麻烦在于它的成功率很低，而且常常需要借助一些诸如镜子、烟雾之类的外部装置(一些
不切实际的假设)，像玩魔术一样，采用这种方法求解实际问题的大部分所谓成功的应用
其实都是不可靠的，尸、是得到一些幻觉罢7”(一些自以为是的结果)。

本书是一本学习如何通过现代启发式方法利用计算机来求解问题的教材，读者对象是高等学校理工科和经济管理专业的广大师生。同时本书丰富的文献综述对于从事计算机特定领域(如算法设计、演化计算、工程优化、神经网络、模糊系统等)研究的科技人员也具有很大的参考价值。

ARM开发工程师入门宝典

2008-04-10 09:37:55

前言
嵌入式系统通常是以具体应用为中心，以处理器为核心且面向实际应用的软
硬件系统，其硬件是整个嵌入式系统运行的基础和平台，提供了软件运行所需的
物理平台和通信接口；而嵌入式系统的软件一般包括操作系统和应用软件，它们
是整个系统的控制核心，提供人机交互的信息等。所以，嵌入式系统的开发通常
包括硬件和软件两部分的开发，硬件部分主要包括选择合适的MCU或者SOC
器件、存储器类型、通讯接口及I/O、电源及其他的辅助设备等；软件部分主要
涉及OS porting和应用程序的开发等，与此同时，软件中断调试和实时调试、
代码的优化、可移植性/可重用以及软件固化等也是嵌入式软件开发的关键。
嵌入式系统开发的每一个环节都可以独立地展开进行详细的阐述，而本文的
出发点主要是为嵌入式开发的初学者者提供一个流程参考。因为对于初学者在面
对一个嵌入式开发项目的时候，往往面临着诸多困难，如选择什么样的开发平
台？什么样的器件类型？在进行编译时怎样实现代码优化？开发工具该如何选
择和使用？在进行程序调试时应该注意那些问题以及选择什么样的嵌入式OS
等等。希望通过本文，能帮助初学者了解有关ARM嵌入式系统开发流程。

目录
前言............................................................................. 2
1 嵌入式开发平台................................................................... 4
1.1 ARM 的开发平台：............................................................... 4
1.2 器件选型...................................................................... 7
2 工具选择........................................................................ 11
3 编译和连接...................................................................... 13
3.1 RVCT 的优化级别与优化方向...................................................... 16
3.2 Multifile compilation ...................................................... 21
3.3 调试......................................................................... 22
4 操作系统....................... ............................................... 23
4.1 哪里可以得到os 软件包 (Open Source and Linux
Kerl) ....................................................................... ... 25
4.2 安装镜像....................................................................... 26
4.3 交叉编译....................................................................... 26
总结............................................................................... 27

WEB SEARCH: PUBLIC SEARCHING OF THE WEB

2008-04-09 10:44:59

Preface
This book brings together results from the Web search studies we
conducted from 1997 through 2004. The aim of our studies has been
twofold: to examine how the public at large searches the Web and to
highlight trends in public Web searching. The eight-year period from 1997
to 2004 saw the beginnings and maturity of public Web searching.
Commercial Web search engines have come and gone, or endured, through
the fall of the dot.com companies. We saw the rise and, in some cases, the
demise of several high profile, publicly available Web search engines.
The study of the Web search is an exciting and important area of
interdisciplinary research. Our book provides a valuable insight into the
growth and development of human interaction with Web search engines. In
this book, our focus is on the human aspect of the interaction between user
and Web search engine. We do not investigate the Web search engines
themselves or their constantly changing interfaces, algorithms and features.
We focus on exploring the cognitive and user aspects of public Web
searching in the aggregate. We use a variety of quantitative and qualitative
methods within the overall methodology known as transaction log analysis.
Our studies examined large datasets of keywords, queries and search
sessions provided by commercial Web search engine companies, but these
companies provided limited or no access to the demographics of the
individual or aggregate of Web search engines users. Our studies do not
include analysis of query data from Web search engines where the data was
unavailable to us. We are very grateful to commercial Web search engine
companies who were generous enough to provide large query data sets for
academic analysis, including Excite.com, AskJeeves.com, AlltheWeb.com
and AltaVista.com. Their support for our research is an outstanding example
of the beneficial cooperation that can occur between industry and academia.
The authors have contrasting backgrounds. This contrast contributed
greatly to the interdisciplinary nature of our studies. The first author (Spink)
is an information scientist who has worked with, taught and researched
human interaction with information systems and search engines since 1980.
The second author (Jansen) is a computer scientist who has worked with,
taught and researched information systems, information retrieval, Web
content design, and search engines since 1986. The authors started working
jointly on researching public Web searching when Excite.com offered a
large dataset of Web queries to attendees at the 1997 Association of
Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval
Conference (ACM-SIGIR) in Philadelphia.
PURPOSE AND APPROACH
Our book has three objectives. First, we provide an overview and
synthesis of Web searching research within a broad theoretical framework.
Second, we offer in-depth analysis of Web searching within several topical
domains. Third, we provide an overview and synthesis of our research
findings on public Web searching and highlight trends in public Web
searching.
The book is organized in four sections to reflect these objectives:
Section I: The Context of Web Search
Section II: How People Search the Web
Section III: Subjects of Web Search
Section IV: Trends and Future Directions
Thus, Section I describes the broad framework and context for research
examining public Web searching, including the technological, social,
organizational, human information behavior and human computer interaction
levels of analysis. This section also describes the research designs used in
our studies. Section II focuses on providing an overview and synthesis of
public Web searching. In particular we focus on users’ search terms and
topics, querying and search sessions. Section III discusses the major subjects
of Web searching in four areas: e-commerce, medical health, sexual search,
and multimedia search. Section IV discusses the key findings of our studies,
the trends in public Web search we observed, including the growth of more
complex search behaviors, and future research directions.
Each section contains one or more chapters relating to the broader topic
area of the section. Each chapter is stand-alone, in respect of presenting a
complete picture of the particular topic, including its own reference list. The
chapters are also cross-referenced where appropriate to illustrate how that
topic meshes with the broader area of Web search.
AUDIENCE
This book is a valuable resource for Web searching researchers,
educators, and practitioners. The primary audience is researchers and
students in the fields of information science, computer science, information
systems, cognitive science, and related disciplines. The book is a valuable
research resource for those investigating Web searching. This book is an
appropriate text for undergraduate, graduate and doctoral level courses in
areas of information and Web retrieval, online information management,
information science, human information behavior, digital libraries, Web
content structuring, and management information systems.
Web consultants, search engine optimization specialists, Web masters,
providers of online content and services, and those working within Web
search engine companies would find this book useful for research-based
insights into how people seek and search for electronic information. In
addition, anyone who searches the Web will find the book a fascinating and
enlightening read.

Contents
Preface vii
Foreword – Tefko Saracevic xi
SECTION I: THE CONTEXT OF WEB SEARCH
Chapter 1: Technological, Social and Organizational Context 3
Chapter 2: Human Information Behavior and Human Computer
Interaction Context 19
Chapter 3: Research Design 35
SECTION II: HOW PEOPLE SEARCH THE WEB
Chapter 4: Search Terms 55
Chapter 5: Search Queries 77
Chapter 6: Search Sessions 101
SECTION III: SUBJECTS OF WEB SEARCH
Chapter 7: E-Commerce Web Searching 127
Chapter 8: Medical and Health Web Searching 137
Chapter 9: Sexually-Related Web Searching 149
Chapter 10: Multimedia Searching 161
SECTION IV: CONCLUSION
Chapter 11: Key Findings, Trends, Further Research
and Conclusions 181
Subject Index 191
Author Index 193

Information Technology - Selected Tutorials

2008-04-07 22:40:35

Editorial Reviews

Product Description

This volume reports on several important and state-of-the-art topics in information technology, including:

 Quality of Service in Information Networks  Risk-Driven Development of Security-Critical Systems Using UMLsec  Developing Portable Software Formal Reasoning about Systems, Software and Hardware Using Functionals, Predicates and Relations  The Problematic of Distributed Systems Supervision  Software Rejuvenation - Modeling and Analysis  Test and Design-for-Test of Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits  Web Services Applications of Multi-Agent Systems  Discrete Event Simulation  Human-Centered Automation.

Information Technology: Selected Tutorials comprises papers presented at the IFIP 18th World Computer Congress, which was held in August 2004 in Toulouse, France and sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

Contents
Preface
Quality of Service in Information Networks
AUGUSTO CASACA
Risk-Driven Development Of Security-Critical Systems
Using UMLsec
JAN JURJENS, SIV HILDE HOUMB
Developing Portable Software
JAMES MOONEY
Formal Reasoning About Systems, Software and Hardware
Using Functionals, Predicates and Relations
RAYMOND BOUTE
The Problematic of Distributed Systems Supervision –
An Example: Genesys
JEAN-ERIC BOHDANOWICZ, STEFAN WESNER,
LASZLO KOVACS, HENDRIK HEIMER, ANDREY SADOVYKH
Software Rejuvenation - Modeling and Analysis
KISHOR S. TRIVEDI, KALYANARAMAN VAIDYANATHAN
Test and Design-for-Test of Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits
MARCELO LUBASZEWSKI AND JOSE LUIS HUERTAS
Web Services
MOHAND-SAID HACID
Applications of Multi-Agent Systems
MIHAELA OPREA
Discrete Event Simulation with Applications to Computer
Communication Systems Performance
HELENA SZCZERBICKA, KISHOR TRIVEDI,
PAWAN K. CHOUDHARY
Human-Centered Automation: A Matter of Agent Design
and Cognitive Function Allocation
GUY BOY

简明科学与技术百科Concise Encyclopedia Of Science & Technology 5th Edition 2004

2008-03-31 19:32:26

For more than four decades, the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of
Science & Technology has been an indispensable scientific refer-
ence work for a broad range of readers, from students to profes-
sionals and interested general readers. Found inmany thousands
of libraries around theworld, its 20 volumes authoritatively cover
every major field of science. However, the needs of many read-
ers will also be served by a concise work still covering the full
breadth of science and technology.
With this in mind, the editors conceived a shorter version of the
multivolume work that would retain the authoritativeness, accu-
racy, clarity, timeliness, quality, and coverage in a convenient,
concise format. The result is the McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclo-
pedia of Science & Technology,Fifth Edition. To achieve this
convenient single volume, the editors extracted the essential text
from each article in the parent work while retaining the same
proportionality between subjects. The length of each article gen-
erally suits the importance and complexity of the subject as well
as the current state of knowledge on this topic. The material
has been condensed so that it is appropriate to the likely re-
quirements of the reader seeking helpful information without
extensive detail. The articles retain the identity of the origina
authors, all recognized experts, whose affiliations are included
in a complete alphabetical listing of Contributors.
The reader will find over 7300 alphabetically arranged entries
many illustrated with images or diagrams. Most include cross
references to other articles for background reading or further
study. Dual measurement units (U.S. Customary and Interna-
tional System) are used throughout. The Appendix includes
useful information complementing the articles. Finally, the Index
provides quick access to specific information the reader needs.
This concise reference will fill the need for accurate, current sci-
entific and technical information in a convenient, economica
format. It can serve as the starting point for research by anyone
seriously interested in science, even professionals seeking infor
mation outside their own specialty. It should prove to be a much
used and much trusted addition to the reader’s bookshelf.
MARK D. LICKER
Publisher

《网络社会的崛起》

2008-03-22 08:50:47

网络将如何影响未来中国社会的发展？
　　为什么今年来美国经济能持续快速增长？
　　网络公司成功的奥秘是什么？
　　为什么网络成了各大企业董事会的烫手话题？
　　中国网络业的发展机遇和挑战是什么？
　　网络将如何影响人类社会的精神生活？
　　读完本书，你将从网络的金泡沫中，了解网络经济和网络社会。

作者简介

　　作者James Liang（梁建章）曾任全球最大企业级软件公司——美国Oracle的中国技术总监。梁建章是美国管理会计协会和美国生产制造协会的注册会员，并在多家媒体上发表过学术文章。回过前，梁建章在美国硅谷积累了多年的软件技术开发和市场推广的工作经验，并领导了许多重要技术开发项目。近年来，梁建章为国内外多家企业担任管理、软件和电子商务方面的顾问，并参与策划了国内的几家知名网络公司的创建。梁建章13岁就以电脑辅助诗词创作的程序，在当时获得了“电脑小诗人”的美誉。15岁进入复旦大学少年班学习，20岁获得美国乔治亚理工学院电脑系硕士学位。

目录

前言
第一篇概论篇
1 网络社会的崛起
2 网络技术概论
3 网络技术浅析
第二篇生活篇
4 第四媒体
5 网上购物
6 网上理财
7 网上休闲
第三篇经济篇
8 网络经济
9 新经济格局
10 网络经济中的明星
第四篇企业篇
11 以客户为中心的营销策略
12 网络企业的商业模式和伙伴策略
13 网络企业的内部管理
14 网络企业的信息系统
第五篇社会篇
15 政府和国家
16 游戏规则——网络的法律
17 网络与文化
18 成长在网络社会
19 网络社会的问题
第六篇未来篇
20 网络社会15年展望
21 选择——如何在网络社会取得成功

Going Virtual Distributed Communities of Practice

2008-03-02 09:56:03

This text describes how more subtle kinds of knowledge can be managed in a distributed international environment. It also describes work in the field of knowledge management, with a specific focus on the management of knowledge .

Table of Contents
Going Virtual—Distributed Communities of Practice
Preface
Section I - Background and Context
Chapter I - Introduction
Chapter II - Knowledge Management
Chapter III - What is Soft Knowledge?
Chapter IV - Going Virtual
Section II - Living with the Community
Chapter V - Living with the CoP—Stage One
Chapter VI - Stage Two—Visiting the American Core
Chapter VII - A Look at Other CoPs
Chapter VIII - Lessons Learned
References
Endnotes
Abbreviations
Appendix Section
Glossary
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables

智能协作信息技术

2008-02-11 08:03:39

【内容简介】
　　本书主要介绍智能主体和多主体系统的基本概念、原理，智能协作信息系统的实现技术。全书共7章，第1章概述智能协作信息技术的主要研究内容和发展概况。第2章介绍智能主体的概念、性质和内部结构，着重介绍BDI主体的形式化描述。第3章介绍多智能主体协作的基本原理、方法和实现技术。第4章讨论相互作用与通信，主要介绍知识查询操纵语言KQML及其实现技术。第5章讨论多主体系统的开发方法，主要说明利用组织学进行分析与设计的建模方法。第6章介绍智能协作信息技术在分布式信息处理领域的应用。第7章介绍智能协作信息技术在办公自动化领域的应用。
　　本书可作为计算机专业、管理科学与工程专业、信息系统专业和系统工程专业等本科生高年级课程和研究生课程的教科书，也可作为分布式人工智能、信息系统和分布计算等领域相关科研人员的参考书。
【下载说明】
　　本资料为《智能协作信息技术》一书的PDF高清晰电子版，推荐使用Adobe Reader 7.0或兼容的阅读工具打开！
【图书目录】
第1章绪论
第2章智能主体
第3章协作的基本原理
第4章相互作用与通信
第5章多主体系统的分析与设计
第6章多主体协作信息处理系统
第7章智能协作办公系统
附录A 模态逻辑的基础知识
参考文献

专家系统（北京理工大学版）

2008-02-11 07:56:34

【内容简介】
　　在书是高等学校电子信息类计算机专业统编规划教材。全书包括人工智能综述、专家系统、LISP和PROLOG智能程序设计语言、神经网络应用和专家系统效能评估等四部分。取材全面、内容深入浅出、叙述通俗易懂，注重概念、原理和实际应用。每章均附有思考题和习题。
　　本书可作为高等学校本科、专科和职工高等学校等计算机专业的教科书．也可作为从事专家系统领域研究和开发的科技、工程技术人员的参考书。
【下载说明】
　　本书为《专家系统》一书的PDF高清晰电子版，推荐采用Adobe Reader7.0或兼容阅读工具打开！
【图书目录】
第一章人工智能综述
第二章专家系统概述
第三章知识表示
第四章知识获取与知识库管理
第五章推理与控制策赂
第六章解释机制
第七章智能程序设计语言
第八章专家系统的设计与开发
第九章专家系统实例简介
第十章神经网络在专家系统中的应用
第十一章专家系统的效能评估
第十二童专家系统展望

Source Code China. The New Global Hub of IT Outsourcing

2008-01-30 14:33:45

透视中国的软件和IT服务外包现状的书

China is not only "the factory of the world", it is also becoming a major technology
services hub...

-------------------------------------------------------
Source Code China. The New Global Hub of IT Outsourcing

Author: Cyrill Eltschinger
Publisher: Wiley
Number Of Pages: 320
Publication Date: 2007-10-05
ISBN-10/ASIN: 0470106964
ISBN-13/EAN: 9780470106969
Binding: Hardcover

"The next five years will be [...] a period of opportunity for China to speed up the growth of software and information services outsourcing. China will continue to generate strong market demand for the global software industry."

-H.E. Bo Xi Lai
Minister, China Central Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM)

Praise for Source Code China The New Global Hub of IT Outsourcing

"Cyrill Eltschinger's Source Code China examines the depths of?a remarkable?shift towards a value-added economy.? After reading this book, you'll?see once again how?China is positioning?itself for leadership in this growing area."

-William G. Parrett
Chief Executive Officer, Deloitte, May 2007

"In his book, Cyrill Eltschinger addresses?an important?perspective: China is not only 'the factory of the world,' it is?also becoming a major technology services hub. For all of us, it is a fascinating experience to participate in this impressive evolution."

-Josef M. Mueller
Chairman & CEO, Nestle (China) Ltd

"Source Code China provides an insightful touch with the reality of how China is reshaping the global market for offshore IT services."

-Prof. Dr. Dr. Klaus Wucherer
Executive Vice President, SIEMENS

"This is a must-read to understand IT outsourcing in China and its impact on the rest of the world."

-Dr. Andrew Lai
VP/GM, Global Delivery China Center, Hewlett-Packard Company;
International Economic Advisor to City Mayor of Chongqing, China;
IT Strategy Advisor, City Mayor of Chengdu, China

"In his book Source Code China, Mr. Eltschinger provides compelling reasons why any company can benefit from IT outsourcing to China, a country that is rapidly becoming the destination of choice for most enterprises."

-Charles Pau
Director, Globalization Architecture and Technology, IBM

"This book demonstrates China's credentials as the new hub of offshore IT services."

-Steve Little
Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer, D.S.I., Schneider Electric

"Organizations not sourcing IT services from China are literally missing the boat. Mr. Eltschinger's book takes readers on an intellectual journey explaining how and why China is becoming the premier offshore destination for businesses all over the world. This is a must read for any business executive and I highly recommend you knock this one off your reading list immediately."

-David Etzler
Chief Executive Officer, OutsourceWorld

If you are not in China, you are really not in the game

Summary: The book the market needed
Rating: 5

That nearshore and offshore outsourcing companies have been relocating to China in force has been one of those companies' secrets, but only now is the full strength of the market revealed by China outsourcing pioneer Eltschinger. Well-researched and well-written, this book is an excellent guide for those already outsourcing but not in China, along with those preparing to enter the outsourcing game for the first time.

Summary: Source Code China
Rating: 3

Nice book, but nothing new here. Admitedly he did pull the information together but it reads more like a money making proposition than a real review. There is very little if anything a person who has done even the lightest homework would know. And there is little critical...all meant to please. My take: do you homework and save your money....

Summary: Great book
Rating: 5

Great book to introduce someone to outsourcing in China. Definitely something to think about for those outsourcing in India, too. The book gives a good overview and analysis of the current state of China's outsourcing industry. The author also gives some good suggestions about how to do business in China and expectations about China's offerings in the future. Definitely a smart read for execs and small business owners.

计算机bios设置视频教程

2008-01-29 16:00:55

The Handbook of Mobile Middleware

2008-01-11 13:22:02

Section 1. Fundamentals
1 Toward a Software Infrastructure for
Ubiquitous Disappearing Computing.............................................. 3
Roberto Saracco
2 Mobile Computing .......................................................................... 27
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Stefan Arbanowski,
Stephan Steglich, and Ilja Radusch
3 Wireless Technologies .................................................................... 55
Marco Chiani
4 Mobile Ad Hoc Communication Issues......................................... 75
Hamid Harroud, Dineshbalu Balakrishnan, and Ahmed Karmouch
5 Infrastructure Versus Ad Hoc Wireless
Networks: Mobility Issues and Solutions.................................... 103
Ling-Jyh Chen, Shirshanka Das, Mario Gerla, and Alok Nandan
6 Evolution of Application Models for Pervasive Computing ..... 125
Guruduth Banavar
7 Mobile Middleware: Definition and Motivations ....................... 145
Dario Bruneo, Antonio Puliafito, and Marco Scarpa
Section 2. Emerging Technologies for Mobile Middleware
8 Name Resolution and Service Discovery
on the Internet and in Ad Hoc Networks .................................. 171
Paal E. Engelstad and Geir Egeland
9 Data Synchronization ................................................................... 207
10 Uncoupling Coordination: Tuple-Based Models for Mobility... 229
Giacomo Cabri, Luca Ferrari, Letizia Leonardi,
Marco Mamei, and Franco Zambonelli
11 Content-Based Publish–Subscribe in a Mobile Environment ...... 257
Gianpaolo Cugola, Amy L. Murphy, and Gian Pietro Picco
12 Code Mobility and Mobile Agents ............................................... 287
Andrzej Bieszczad and Tony White
13 Proxy-Based Adaptation for Mobile Computing ........................ 311
Markus Endler, Hana Rubinsztejn, Ricardo Rocha,
and Vagner Sacramento
14 Reflective Middleware................................................................... 339
Paul Grace and Gordon Blair
15 Techniques for Dynamic Adaptation of Mobile Services.......... 363
John Keeney, Vinny Cahill, and Mads Haahr
Section 3. Requirements and Guidelines for Mobile Middleware
16 Naming and Discovery in Mobile Systems................................. 387
Guanling Chen, Kazuhiro Minami, and David Kotz
17 Efficient Data Caching and Consistency
Maintenance in Wireless Mobile Systems................................... 409
Sajal K. Das and Mohan Kumar
18 Code-on-Demand and Code
Adaptation for Mobile Computing .............................................. 441
Francis C.M. Lau, Nalini Belaramani, Vivien W.M. Kwan,
Pauline P.L. Siu, Wai-Kwong Wing, and Cho-Li Wang
19 Session Maintenance..................................................................... 465
Oliver Haase
20 Openness and Interoperability in Mobile Middleware ............. 487
Eiko Yoneki and Jean Bacon
21 Trust in Pervasive Computing ..................................................... 519
Jim Parker, Anand Patwardhan, Filip Perich,
Anupam Joshi, and Tim Finin
Section 4. Mobile Middleware for Seamless Connectivity
22 Seamless Connectivity in Infrastructure-Based Networks ........ 547
Michael E. Kounavis and Andrew T. Campbell
23 Peer-to-Peer Computing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks............... 569
24 Supporting Continuous Services to Roaming Clients ............... 599
Ashutosh Dutta, Henning Schulzrinne, and K. Daniel Wong
25 Impact of Mobility on Resource
Management in Wireless Networks............................................. 639
Majid Ghaderi and Raouf Boutaba
26 Seamless Consistency ................................................................... 663
Evaggelia Pitoura, George Samaras, and Can Türker
27 Seamless Service Access via Resource Replication.................... 699
Paulo Ferreira and Luís Veiga
Section 5. Mobile Middleware for Location-Dependent Services
28 An Overview of the Location Management
Problem for Mobile Computing Environments......................... 731
Javid Taheri and Albert Y. Zomaya
29 Location Privacy Protection in Mobile Wireless Networks ...... 769
Jieyan Fan, Dapeng Wu, Qi He, and Pradeep Khosla
30 Location-Based Service Differentiation....................................... 787
Spyros Panagiotakis and Nancy Alonistioti
31 Location-Dependent Database Access ......................................... 819
Fa?za Najjar, Sean Kelley, and Margaret H. Dunham
32 Location-Dependent Service Accounting .................................... 851
Michael Georgiades, Christos Politis,
Nadeem Akhtar, and Rahim Tafazolli
Section 6. Mobile Middleware for Context-Dependent Services
33 Mobile Middleware: Processing Context-
Related Data in Mobile Environments........................................ 877
Yih-Farn (Robin) Chen and Rittwik Jana
34 Integrated Profiling of Users, Terminals,
and Provisioning Environments ................................................. 901
Alessandra Agostini, Claudio Bettini, and Daniele Riboni
35 QoS-Aware Resource Discovery in Mobile Environments........ 939
Yun Huang, Shivajit Mohapatra, Qi Han,
and Nalini Venkatasubramanian
36 QoS Control and Management..................................................... 969
Xia Gao
37 IT-Based Open Service Delivery Platforms for Mobile
Networks: From CAMEL to the IP Multimedia System.............. 999
38 Mobile Middleware and Context for Service Composition .... 1037
Soraya Kouadri Mostéfaoui, Zakaria Maamar,
and Nanjangud C. Narendra
39 Mobile Middleware for Situation-Aware
Service Discovery and Coordination ........................................ 1059
Stephen S. Yau and Dazhi Huang
Section 7. Current Experiences and Envisioned Application
Domains for Services Based on Mobile Middleware
40 Mobile Middleware for Integration with Enterprise
Applications: WebSphere? Everyplace? Access ...................... 1089
David Reich
41 Context Middleware for Adaptive Mobile Services.................. 1105
Theo Kanter, Carl-Gustav Jansson, Martin Jonsson, Fredrik Kilander,
Wei Li, Peter L?nnqvist, and Gerald Q. Maguire, Jr.
42 Middleware Support for Autonomous Cellphones.................. 1137
Nayeem Islam, Manuel Roman, and Dong Zhou
43 Middleware for Wearable Computing ....................................... 1169
Chandra Narayanaswami
44 Middleware for
Mobile Entertainment Computing............................................. 1189
Vittorio Ghini, Fabio Panzieri, and Marco Roccetti
45 Software Support for Application Development
in Wireless Sensor Networks..................................................... 1227
Chien-Liang Fok, Gruia-Catalin Roman, and Chenyang Lu
46 Mobile Middleware for Automotive Applications.................... 1255
Francesco Lilli
47 A QoS Framework for Multimedia Communication
for Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Defense Networks....................... 1269
Raymond Paul, Waseem Sheikh, Basit Shafiq, and Arif Ghafoor
48 Mobile Middleware for Rescue and Emergency Scenarios..... 1291
Ellen Munthe-Kaas, Ovidiu Drugan, Vera Goebel,
Thomas Plagemann, Matija Puzar, Norun Sanderson,
and Katrine S. Skjelsvik
Index..................................................................................................... 1321

微机实用技术讲座

2008-01-07 20:48:04

【内容简介】
本书共分9章，前9章主要讲中西文磁盘操作系统、文本及源程序编辑，中西文键盘输入、程序调试等基础知识；第四章和第五章主要讲BASIC、数据库等高级语言，并结合实例展示它们在计算机语音、绘图、办公室自动化等方面的具体应用；第六章以IBM PC/XT微机为主，讲硬件接口及其具体应用，第七章以8088／8086宏汇编为主，讲磁盘加解密，加解钮以及计算机病毒防治等方面的应用。第八章讲C语言；第九章讲专家系统及人工智能方面的应用。每章都力争用精选的应用实例，尽可能把使用频度较高的那些知识用进去，以期读者能尽快掌握并飞速提高。
本书适合具有高中以上学历者特别是大专生、本科生，直至从事计算机专业工作的技术人员学习参考。其中前六章对初学者极具参考价值，后三章则供具有一定专业基础者进一步提高深造之用。
【下载说明】
　　本资料为《微机实用技术讲座》一书的PDF高清晰电子版，免积分下载，推荐采用Adobe Reader7.0或兼容阅读工具打开！

《人工智能——理论与实践》(Artificial Intelligence:Theory and Practice) 中文版

2008-01-05 13:28:20

【下载说明】
这里提供的是《人工智能——理论与实践》(Artificial Intelligence:Theory and Practice) 一书中文版的PDF格式电子书下载。

【内容提要】
　这是一本阐述人工智能基本理论及其实际应用的教材，由三位资深的人工智能专家精心编著而成。针对机器智能系统开发中涌现出的表达与计算问题，本书介绍了最新的研究成果，并讨论了系统实现中涉及到的实际问题。作者深入探讨了用于解决学习、规划和不确定性问题的传统符号推理技术，例如演绎推理、决策树等，并介绍了神经网络、概率推理等新技术。书中出现的重要算法在每章后面都附有其LISP实现的源代码，以供读者在试验时进行参考。另外，本书还给出了丰富的人工智能应用系统的实例。

【前言摘要】
本书向计算机专业本科二、三年级的学生介绍了人工智能（AI）的基础理论和计算技术，其中重点介绍了设计和分析人工智能系统的算法和理论工具，涵盖了如演绎推理、博弈树搜索、自然语言分析等传统的符号人工智能技术，以及神经网络、概率推理、机器视觉中应用的一些综合方法。本书覆盖面很广，但并不试图通盘研究整个领域，而只是有选择性地在几个主题中进行深入研究。表达本书在关于逻辑、搜索、学习等核心章节里集中阐述了表达的重要性。比起大多数入门级的教科书，本书引入了更多对人工智能的形式化论述，这在对语法和语义逻辑的关注中以及在关于人工智能算法计算复杂度的资料中都有所体现..

【目录信息】
第1章绪论
1.1 人工智能实践
1.2 人工智能理论
1.3 智能的判定与度量
1.4 行为计算理论
1.5 自动推理
1.6 本书结构
本章小结
背景资料
练习
第2章符号编程
2.1 基于规则的反应系统实例
2.2 LISP简介
2.3 LISP交互方式
2.4 LISP函数
2.5 环境、符号与作用域
2.6 LISP函数的更多内容
2.7 表处理
2.8 迭代结构
2.9 程序调试
2.10 基于规则的反应系统回顾
本章小结
背景资料
练习
第3章表达与逻辑
3.1 命题逻辑
3.2 P语言的形式化系统
3.3 P语言中的自动定理证明
3.4 谓词演算
3.5 PC语言的形式化系统
3.6 PC语言中的自动定理证明
3.7 非单调逻辑
3.8 演绎检索系统
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP实现：数据依赖
第4章搜索
4.1 基本搜索问题
4.2 盲目搜索
4.3 启发式搜索
4.4 最优化与搜索
4.5 敌对搜索
4.6 判别树的索引
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP实现：判别树
第5章学习
5.1 归纳学习问题的分类
5.2 归纳推理理论
5.3 描述空间
5.4 决策树
5.5 网络学习方法
5.6 梯度导向搜索
5.7 感知器
5.8 径向基函数
5.9 动态环境中的学习
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP实现：利用LISP实现学习算法
第6章高级表达
6.1 时序推理
6.2 情境演算
6.3 一阶区间时序逻辑
6.4 时序知识管理
6.5 知识与信念
6.6 空间推理
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP实现：时序推理
第7章规划
7.1 状态空间搜索
7.2 最小约束规划
7.3 分层抽象空间规划
7.4 自适应规划
7.5 不完全信息规划
7.6 表达能力更强的动作模型
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP实现：半序规划的精化
第8章不确定性
8.1 不确定性推理的动机
8.2 概率论
8.3 概率网
8.4 决策论
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP 实现：概??网中的推理
第9章图像理解
9.1 传感器与图像
9.2 计算机视觉
9.3 人类视觉
9.4 视觉-恢复问题
9.5 图像描述的恢复
9.6 由轮廓复原形状
9.7 由阴影复原形状
9.8 由纹理复原形状
9.9 立体法
9.10 视觉运动分析
9.11 主动视觉
9.12 应用
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP 实现：多面体景物标记
第10章自然语言处理
10.1 语言成分
10.2 上下文无关文法
10.3 上下文无关文法分析
10.4 文法特性
10.5 基于图的有效句法分析
10.6 语义解释
10.7 自然语言生成
10.8 上下文中的自然语言
10.9 量词作用域
本章小结
背景资料
练习
LISP实现：简单分析器
参考文献

COBIT 4.0

2008-01-04 13:04:12

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
COBIT Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Plan and Organise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Acquire and Implement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Deliver and Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Monitor and Evaluate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Appendix I—Linking Business Goals and IT Goals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Appendix II—Mapping IT Processes to IT Governance Focus Areas, COSO,
COBIT IT Resources and COBIT Information Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Appendix III—Maturity Model for Internal Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 177
Appendix IV—COBIT 4.0 Primary Reference Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Appendix V—Cross-references Between COBIT 3rd Edition and COBIT 4.0 . . . . . . . . . .. . 181
Appendix VI—Approach to Research and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Appendix VII—Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191