综合_图形图像与多媒体_计算机类_最新资料_得益网

Complete maya programming:an extending guide to mel and C++ API

2008-11-15 21:47:58

Maya is, undisputedly, a very powerful tool for creating computer graphics. However,
it must also be stated that learning Maya is a daunting task. Its sheer depth and
breadth of features alone make it a formidable package to learn, let alone master.
There was probably never a time when this was more apparent than the day you first
opened it up. I'm sure that it felt as if you were at the foot of a mountain, about to
start a long climb. You will be pleased to know that the journey can be made easier.
Maya can be customized and extended in ways that you never thought possible. A
great many of your daily tasks can be automated or greatly simplified. You can create
tools that not only increase your productivity but also give you far greater control.
All this, and more, can be achieved through Maya programming.
For many, the mere mention of programming provokes fear and trepidation.
This is understandable, since many programming books make extensive assumptions
about the reader's existing programming expertise. This book assumes that you have
no prior programming experience and, as such, will dispel the myth that only professional
programmers can program Maya. With a solid understanding of the basic
concepts, anyone can begin harnessing the level of control that only programming
offers. What would once have seemed a daunting undertaking will be shown instead
to be an enabling and empowering experience.
With an experienced and patient guide, any journey is made easier. As such, this
book endeavors not to lecture but to guide you gently through an understanding of
how Maya works at its most fundamental level. Starting with an exploration of the
very heart of Maya, you will learn how data is maintained and processed. This
knowledge is critical, since it is the foundation on which all of Maya's functionality
is built. Using Maya's easiest programming language, MEL (Maya Embedded Language),
you will begin to learn how to control Maya and automate many operations.
The C++ application programming interface (API) is then presented. With a basic understanding of the C++ language, you'll quickly learn how to develop your own
custom tools and features. As each real-world example is presented, you'll gain a
further understanding of just how Maya's features can be accessed and controlled. By
using MEL and C++, in combination, you'll soon be able to gain complete control
over every aspect of Maya and extend it to suit your every need.
In addition to teaching the specifics of Maya programming, this book focuses
on why something is designed in a particular way. Programming often affords an
unlimited number of possible ways for solving a problem. However, it is important
to understand that Maya has its own particular design philosophy. This book presents
a set of guidelines for designing your programs so that they will integrate and
work seamlessly within Maya. With an understanding of why a particular approach
is used, you'll be able to extrapolate the underlying idea to solve your own problems.
It is my goal that when you finish reading this book you will not only be inspired to
imagine new and exciting possibilities but you will also have the necessary skills and
knowledge to turn them into reality.

OpenSceneGraph快速入门指导

2008-11-13 09:18:01

本书是一本关于osg的入门书籍，包括前三章内容，
第一章：OpenSceneGraph快速入门指导
第二章：建立一个场景图形
第三章：在用户程序中使用OpenSceneGraph
本书是OSG的官方推荐的书籍，非常经典，后面几章讲在以后继续上传

Adobe? Illustrator? CS2—Revealed

2008-11-10 13:31:10

非常实用的Illustrator书籍，完全实战经验。
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Illustrator
Lesson 1 Create a New Document 1-4
2 Explore the Illustrator Window 1-8
3 Create Basic Shapes 1-18
4 Apply Fill and Stroke Colors to
Objects 1-22
5 Select, Move, and Align
Objects 1-26
6 Transform Objects 1-30
7 Make Direct Selections 1-36
Chapter 2 Creating Text and Gradients
Lesson 1 Create and Format Text 2-4
2 Flow Text into an Object 2-10
3 Position Text on a Path 2-16
4 Create Colors and Gradients 2-20
5 Apply Colors and Gradients
to Text 2-26
6 Adjust a Gradient and Create a Drop
Shadow 2-30
Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an
Illustration
Lesson 1 Draw Straight Lines 3-4
2 Draw Curved Lines 3-10
3 Draw Elements of an Illustration 3-18
4 Apply Attributes to Objects 3-24
5 Assemble an Illustration 3-28
6 Stroke Objects for Artistic Effect 3-30
7 Use Live Trace and the Live Paint
Bucket Tool 3-36
Chapter 4 Transforming and Distorting
Objects
Lesson 1 Transform Objects 4-4
2 Offset and Outline Paths 4-12
3 Create Compound Paths 4-16
4 Work with the Pathfinder
Palette 4-20
5 Create Clipping Masks 4-30
Chapter 5 Working with Layers
Lesson 1 Create and Modify Layers 5-4
2 Manipulate Layered Artwork 5-12
3 Work with Layered Artwork 5-20
4 Create a Clipping Set 5-26
Chapter 6 Working with Patterns and
Brushes
Lesson 1 Use the Move Command 6-4
2 Create a Pattern 6-8
3 Design a Repeating Pattern 6-14
4 Work with the Brushes Palette 6-20
5 Work with Scatter Brushes 6-28
Chapter 7 Working with Filters, Gradient
Meshes, Envelopes, and Blends
Lesson 1 Work with Filters 7-4
2 Work with Gradient Meshes 7-10
3 Work with Envelopes 7-16
4 Create Blends 7-22
Chapter 8 Working with Transparency,
Effects, and Graphic Styles
Lesson 1 Use the Transparency Palette and
the Color Picker 8-4
2 Apply Effects to Objects 8-10
3 Use the Appearance Palette 8-16
4 Work with Graphic Styles 8-24
Chapter 9 Creating Graphs in Illustrator
Lesson 1 Create a Graph 9-4
2 Edit a Graph Using the Graph Data
Window 9-8
3 Use the Group Selection Tool 9-10
4 Use the Graph Type Dialog Box 9-12
5 Create a Combination Graph 9-14
6 Create a Custom Graph Design 9-16
7 Apply a Custom Graph Design 9-18
8 Create and Apply a Sliding-Scale
Design 9-22
Chapter 10 Drawing with Symbols
Lesson 1 Create Symbols 10-4
2 Place Symbol Instances 10-6
3 Modify Symbols and Symbol
Instances 10-8
4 Create Symbol Instance Sets 10-14
5 Modify Symbol Instance Sets 10-20
Chapter 11 Creating 3D Objects
Lesson 1 Extrude Objects 11-4
2 Revolve Objects 11-18
3 Manipulate Surface Shading and
Lighting 11-30
4 Map Artwork to 3D Objects 11-38
Chapter 12 Preparing a Document for
Prepress and Printing
Lesson 1 Explore Basic Color Theory 12-4
2 Work in CMYK Mode 12-10
3 Specify Spot Colors 12-16
4 Create Crop Marks 12-22
5 Create Bleeds 12-26
Chapter 13 Preparing Graphics for
the Web
Lesson 1 Create Slices 13-4
2 Specify Slice Type and Slice
Options 13-12
3 Use the Save for Web Dialog
Box 13-18
4 Create an Image Map 13-26
Glossary 1
Index 6

计算机图形学实验指导书

2008-10-24 11:44:27

C语言图形图形学实验指导书

计算机图形学实验指导书

前言
实验一 C 语言图形程序设计
实验二二维基本图形生成的算法实现
实验三 BEZIER曲线的生成算法现
实验四二维图形的基本几何变换
实验五二维图形的裁剪
实验六 OPENGL实验
实验七综合设计实验
附录 C语言动画程序设计实例
参考书目

计算机图形学的概念与方法

2008-10-24 11:37:50

比较理论和简明的计算机图形学的书籍,适合图形学理论入门的学习.

计算机图形学的概念与方法
柳朝阳
郑州大学数学系
1)计算机图形的构成及其表示
2)点阵图形的基本算法(增量DDA,Bresenham直线/圆弧算法)
3) 区域填充(注入填充区域算法、边界填充算法、扫描线算法)
4)平面图形裁剪（科恩-萨塞兰德算法、中点分割算法、梁友栋-Barsky算法）
5)向量、矩阵概念及其运算
6)图形变换(平移、比例变换、旋转变换、对称变换、错切变换)
7)计算机图形中曲线的设计理论(折线段曲线、B′ezier曲线、B-样条曲线)
8)计算机图形中曲面的设计理论
9)计算机图形中消隐处理
10)计算机图形中真实感图形设计(光与颜色的基本知识、光的传播规律、明暗处理、阴影处理、纹理映射)
11)图形交互技术和用户界面设计
12)计算机图形动画设计

Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library

2008-10-22 23:58:21

Learning OpenCV puts you right in the middle of the rapidly expanding field of computer vision. Written by the creators of OpenCV, the widely used free open-source library, this book introduces you to computer vision and demonstrates how you can quickly build applications that enable computers to "see" and make decisions based on the data. Computer vision is everywhere -- in security systems, manufacturing inspection systems, medical image analysis, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and more. It helps robot cars drive by themselves, stitches Google maps and Google Earth together, checks the pixels on your laptop's LCD screen, and makes sure the stitches in your shirt are OK. OpenCV provides an easy-to-use computer vision infrastructure along with a comprehensive library containing more than 500 functions that can run vision code in real time. With Learning OpenCV, any developer or hobbyist can get up and running with the framework quickly, whether it's to build simple or sophisticated vision applications. The book includes:

A thorough introduction to OpenCV

Getting input from cameras

Transforming images

Shape matching

Pattern recognition, including face detection

Segmenting images

Tracking and motion in 2 and 3 dimensions

Machine learning algorithms

Hands-on exercises at the end of each chapter help you absorb the concepts, and an appendix explains how to set up an OpenCV project in Visual Studio. OpenCV is written in performance optimized C/C++ code, runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X, and is free for commercial and research use under a BSD license. Getting machines to see is a challenging but entertaining goal. If you're intrigued by the possibilities, Learning OpenCV gets you started on building computer vision applications of your own
亚马逊链接：
http://www.amazon.com/Learning-OpenCV-C ... 0596516134

OpenCable System Security Specification(有线电视系统安全协议)

2008-10-03 23:52:41

是上篇“有线电视单向接收器协议“的另一辅助文件。
重点介绍系统安全的协议。

Contents
1 SCOPE............................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction and Overview ................................................................................. 1
1.2 Purpose of Document......................................................................................... 1
1.3 Organization of Document ................................................................................. 1
1.4 Requirements ...................................................................................................... 1
2 REFERENCES................................................................................................3
2.1 Normative References ........................................................................................ 3
2.2 Reference Acquisition ........................................................................................ 4
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS............................................................................5
4 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................7
5 CERTIFICATE PROFILE AND MANAGEMENT.............................................8
5.1 Generic Structure ................................................................................................ 8
5.1.1 Version ...................................................................................................... 8
5.1.2 Public Key Type......................................................................................... 8
5.1.3 Extensions ................................................................................................. 8
5.1.4 Signature Algorithm ................................................................................... 9
5.1.5 SubjectName and IssuerName.................................................................. 9
5.1.6 Certificate Profile Notation......................................................................... 9
5.2 Device Certificate Management Architecture Overview .................................. 9
5.3 CableLabs Manufacturer Root CA Certificate ................................................ 11
5.4 CableLabs Device CA Certificate..................................................................... 11
5.5 Device Certificate .............................................................................................. 12
5.6 Certificate Validation......................................................................................... 14
5.7 Certificate Format.............................................................................................. 15
5.7.1 tbsCertificate.validity.notBefore and tbsCertificate.validity.notAfter ........ 16
5.7.2 tbsCertificate.serialNumber ..................................................................... 16
5.7.3 tbsCertificate.signature and signatureAlgorithm...................................... 17
5.7.4 tbsCertificate.issuer and tbsCertificate.subject........................................ 17
5.7.5 tbsCertificate.subjectPublicKeyInfo ......................................................... 17
5.7.6 tbsCertificate.issuerUniqueID and tbsCertificate.subjectUniqueID.......... 18
5.7.7 signatureValue......................................................................................... 18
5.8 Host and CableCARD Certificate Storage and Management......................... 18
6 OCAP CERTIFICATE PROFILE AND MANAGEMENT ...............................19
6.1 OCAP Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate ......................................... 19
6.1.1 Common CVC Requirements .................................................................. 19
6.1.2 CableLabs Code Verification Root CA Certificate ................................... 20
6.1.3 CableLabs Code Verification CA Certificate............................................ 20
OC-SP-SEC-I07-061031 OpenCable? Specifications
iv CableLabs? 10/31/06
6.1.4 Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate.............................................. 21
6.1.5 Cosigner Code Verification Certificate..................................................... 21
6.1.6 CableLabs Application Code Verification CA Certificate ......................... 22
6.1.7 Application Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate ........................... 22
6.1.8 Cosigner Application Code Verification Certificate .................................. 23
6.1.9 Certificate Revocation Lists for CVCs ..................................................... 23
7 CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS..............................................................24
7.1 DES.....................................................................................................................24
7.2 RSA.....................................................................................................................24
7.3 TDEA...................................................................................................................24
7.4 AES.....................................................................................................................24
7.5 Random Number Generation ........................................................................... 24
8 PHYSICAL SECURITY .................................................................................25
8.1 Protection for CableCARD/Host Key and Critical Security Parameter
Storage...............................................................................................................25
8.2 OpenCable Key Encapsulation ........................................................................ 26
8.3 Robustness of CCI and Content Protection Within Card and Host Devices26
APPENDIX I REVISION HISTORY...............................................................27

CableCARD Interface 2.0 Specification（有线电视信号接收和解密的有关协议）

2008-10-03 23:48:02

是上篇“有线电视单向接收器协议“的三个辅助文件。
重点介绍信号解密与传输。

Contents
1 SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................1
1.2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (INFORMATIVE) ....................................................................................................2
1.3 REQUIREMENTS (CONFORMANCE NOTATION) ................................................................................................2
1.4 NUMERICAL...................................................................................................................................................3
2 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................4
2.1 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................4
2.2 INFORMATIVE REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................5
2.3 REFERENCE ACQUISITION..............................................................................................................................5
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................7
4 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS..........................................................................................................10
5 MODEL OF OPERATION ..............................................................................................................................13
5.1 ADVANCED CABLE SERVICES.......................................................................................................................13
5.1.1 Interactive Program Guide (IPG)........................................................................................................13
5.1.2 Impulse Pay-Per-View (IPPV).............................................................................................................13
5.1.3 Video-on-Demand (VOD)....................................................................................................................13
5.1.4 Interactive services ..............................................................................................................................14
5.2 CABLECARD DEVICE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................14
5.2.1 Transport Stream Interface..................................................................................................................15
5.2.2 Command Interface .............................................................................................................................15
5.3 NETWORK CONNECTIVITY/OOB SIGNALING................................................................................................15
5.4 CARD OPERATIONAL MODES........................................................................................................................16
5.4.1 S-CARD in S-Mode.............................................................................................................................16
5.4.2 M-CARD in S-Mode............................................................................................................................16
5.4.3 M-CARD in M-Mode ...........................................................................................................................16
5.5 ONE-WAY NETWORKS .................................................................................................................................17
5.6 TWO-WAY NETWORKS.................................................................................................................................17
5.7 TWO-WAY NETWORKS WITH DOCSIS..........................................................................................................18
5.8 M-CARD DEVICE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................19
5.9 INBAND INTERFACE - MPEG DATA FLOW....................................................................................................21
5.10 OOB INTERFACE .........................................................................................................................................22
5.10.1 QPSK ..................................................................................................................................................23
5.10.2 DSG ....................................................................................................................................................23
6 DELETED.........................................................................................................................................................26
7 PHYSICAL INTERFACE...............................................................................................................................27
7.1 INTERFACE PIN ASSIGNMENTS.....................................................................................................................27
7.2 DELETED, SECTION RESERVED ......................................................................................................................29
7.3 INTERFACE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................29
7.3.1 S-Mode Custom Interface ....................................................................................................................29
7.3.2 Card Signal Descriptions ....................................................................................................................29
7.3.3 Card Type Identification.....................................................................................................................33
7.3.4 Card Information Structure (S-Mode Only) ........................................................................................34
7.3.5 MPEG Transport Interface..................................................................................................................37
7.4 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................................................................40
7.4.1 DC Characteristics ..............................................................................................................................40
OC-SP-CCIF2.0-I15-080620 OpenCable Specifications
iv CableLabs? 6/20/08
7.4.2 AC Characteristics..............................................................................................................................45
7.5 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................52
7.5.1 Form Factor .......................................................................................................................................52
7.5.2 Connector ...........................................................................................................................................52
7.5.3 Environmental ....................................................................................................................................52
7.5.4 PC Card Guidance ..............................................................................................................................52
7.5.5 Grounding/EMI Clips ..........................................................................................................................52
7.5.6 Connector Reliability..........................................................................................................................52
7.5.7 Connector Durability..........................................................................................................................52
7.5.8 PC Card Environmental ......................................................................................................................52
7.6 CPU INTERFACE..........................................................................................................................................53
7.6.1 S-Mode................................................................................................................................................53
7.6.2 M-Mode ..............................................................................................................................................57
7.6.3 S-Mode Initialization and Operation...................................................................................................60
7.6.4 M-CARD Initialization and Operation ................................................................................................65
7.7 LINK LAYER CONNECTION ...........................................................................................................................69
7.8 TRANSPORT LAYER CONNECTION ................................................................................................................69
7.8.1 Transport Layer..................................................................................................................................70
7.8.2 Transport protocol objects ..................................................................................................................70
7.8.3 Transport protocol..............................................................................................................................71
7.8.4 Transport Protocol Objects .................................................................................................................74
8 COPY PROTECTION.....................................................................................................................................83
9 COMMAND CHANNEL OPERATION.........................................................................................................84
9.1 SESSION LAYER...........................................................................................................................................84
9.1.1 SPDU Structure ..................................................................................................................................84
9.1.2 Session Layer Protocol ........................................................................................................................85
9.2 APPLICATION LAYER...................................................................................................................................89
9.2.1 Resource Identifier Structure...............................................................................................................89
9.3 APDUS .......................................................................................................................................................90
9.3.1 Interface Resource Loading.................................................................................................................95
9.4 RESOURCE MANAGER .................................................................................................................................95
9.4.1 profile_inq()........................................................................................................................................96
9.4.2 profile_reply().....................................................................................................................................96
9.4.3 profile_changed() ...............................................................................................................................97
9.5 APPLICATION INFORMATION........................................................................................................................97
9.5.1 application_info_req().........................................................................................................................98
9.5.2 application_info_cnf() .......................................................................................................................100
9.5.3 server_query()...................................................................................................................................101
9.5.4 server_reply() ...................................................................................................................................103
9.6 LOW SPEED COMMUNICATION...................................................................................................................104
9.7 CA SUPPORT .............................................................................................................................................104
9.7.1 ca_info_inquiry.................................................................................................................................105
9.7.2 ca_info ..............................................................................................................................................105
9.7.3 ca_pmt ..............................................................................................................................................106
9.7.4 ca_pmt_reply ....................................................................................................................................113
9.7.5 ca_update..........................................................................................................................................115
9.8 HOST CONTROL.........................................................................................................................................118
9.8.1 OOB_TX_tune_req ............................................................................................................................118
9.8.2 OOB_TX_tune_cnf............................................................................................................................119
9.8.3 OOB_RX_tune_req............................................................................................................................120
9.8.4 OOB_RX_tune_cnf ............................................................................................................................121
9.8.5 inband_tune_req...............................................................................................................................121
9.8.6 inband_tune_cnf ...............................................................................................................................122
CableCARD Interface 2.0 Specification OC-SP-CCIF2.0-I15-080620
6/20/08 CableLabs? v
9.9 GENERIC IPPV SUPPORT ............................................................................................................................123
9.10 SYSTEM TIME ............................................................................................................................................123
9.10.1 system_time_inq................................................................................................................................124
9.10.2 system_time.......................................................................................................................................124
9.11 MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI)............................................................................................................125
9.11.1 open_mmi_req ..................................................................................................................................126
9.11.2 open_mmi_cnf...................................................................................................................................127
9.11.3 close_mmi_req..................................................................................................................................127
9.11.4 close_mmi_cnf ..................................................................................................................................127
9.12 M-MODE DEVICE CAPABILITY DISCOVERY................................................................................................128
9.12.1 stream_profile APDU ........................................................................................................................129
9.12.2 stream_profile_cnf APDU .................................................................................................................129
9.12.3 program_profile APDU.....................................................................................................................129
9.12.4 program_profile_cnf APDU ..............................................................................................................130
9.12.5 es_profile APDU...............................................................................................................................130
9.12.6 es_profile_cnf APDU.........................................................................................................................131
9.12.7 request_pids APDU ...........................................................................................................................131
9.12.8 request_pids_cnf APDU ....................................................................................................................132
9.13 COPY PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................................132
9.14 EXTENDED CHANNEL SUPPORT ..................................................................................................................132
9.14.1 new_flow_req APDU.........................................................................................................................134
9.14.2 new_flow_cnf APDU .........................................................................................................................138
9.14.3 delete_flow_req APDU......................................................................................................................140
9.14.4 delete_flow_cnf APDU ......................................................................................................................141
9.14.5 lost_flow_ind APDU..........................................................................................................................141
9.14.6 lost_flow_cnf APDU ..........................................................................................................................142
9.15 GENERIC FEATURE CONTROL.....................................................................................................................142
9.15.1 Parameter Storage............................................................................................................................143
9.15.2 Parameter Operation........................................................................................................................143
9.15.3 Generic Feature Control Resource Identifier....................................................................................145
9.15.4 Feature ID ........................................................................................................................................146
9.15.5 Generic Feature Control APDUs ......................................................................................................146
9.16 GENERIC DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT.................................................................................................................161
9.16.1 diagnostic_req APDU........................................................................................................................162
9.16.2 diagnostic_cnf APDU ........................................................................................................................163
9.16.3 Diagnostic Report Definition.............................................................................................................166
9.17 SPECIFIC APPLICATION SUPPORT................................................................................................................182
9.17.1 SAS_connect_rqst APDU...................................................................................................................184
9.17.2 SAS_connect_cnf APDU....................................................................................................................185
9.17.3 SAS_data_rqst APDU........................................................................................................................185
9.17.4 SAS_data_av APDU ..........................................................................................................................186
9.17.5 SAS_data_cnf APDU .........................................................................................................................187
9.17.6 SAS_server_query APDU ..................................................................................................................187
9.17.7 SAS_server_reply APDU ...................................................................................................................187
9.17.8 SAS Async APDU..............................................................................................................................188
9.18 CARD FIRMWARE UPGRADE .......................................................................................................................189
9.18.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................189
9.18.2 Implementation .................................................................................................................................190
9.18.3 Host Operation .................................................................................................................................190
9.18.4 Homing Resource ..............................................................................................................................193
9.19 SUPPORT FOR COMMON DOWNLOAD..........................................................................................................196
9.20 DSG RESOURCE ........................................................................................................................................196
9.20.1 DSG Mode ........................................................................................................................................196
9.20.2 inquire_DSG_mode APDU................................................................................................................201
9.20.3 set_DSG_mode APDU.......................................................................................................................201
OC-SP-CCIF2.0-I15-080620 OpenCable Specifications
vi CableLabs? 6/20/08
9.20.4 send_DCD_info APDU......................................................................................................................204
9.20.5 DSG_directory APDU .......................................................................................................................204
9.20.6 DSG_message APDU ........................................................................................................................210
9.20.7 DSG_error APDU .............................................................................................................................212
9.21 HEADEND COMMUNICATION RESOURCE ....................................................................................................213
9.21.1 Headend Communication Resource Identifier...................................................................................213
9.21.2 Headend Communication APDUs .....................................................................................................213
9.21.3 host_reset_vector..............................................................................................................................213
9.21.4 host_reset_vector_ack .......................................................................................................................215
9.22 HOST ADDRESSABLE PROPERTIES ..............................................................................................................215
9.22.1 Host Addressable Properties APDUs................................................................................................216
10 EXTENDED CHANNEL OPERATION...................................................................................................219
10.1 INTERNET PROTOCOL FLOWS .....................................................................................................................219
10.2 SOCKET FLOWS .........................................................................................................................................219
10.3 FLOW EXAMPLES—QPSK MODEM CASE ..................................................................................................220
10.4 FLOW EXAMPLES— EMBEDDED CABLE MODEM CASE DSG MODE...........................................................221
10.5 SUMMARY OF EXTENDED CHANNEL FLOW REQUIREMENT.........................................................................224
10.6 SYSTEM/SERVICE INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................224
10.7 LINK LAYER ..............................................................................................................................................225
10.7.1 S-Mode..............................................................................................................................................225
10.7.2 M-Mode ............................................................................................................................................225
10.8 MODEM MODELS.......................................................................................................................................226
10.8.1 Unidirectional Host Model ................................................................................................................226
10.8.2 Bidirectional With Modem in Card ...................................................................................................226
10.8.3 Bidirectional With Modem in Host ....................................................................................................226
10.9 SECTION REMOVED (DUPLICATION WITH SECTION 10.6) .............................................................................227
10.10 EAS REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................................227
10.11 XAIT REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................................................227
10.12 OCAP OOB OBJECT CAROUSEL REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................227
ANNEX A BASELINE HTML PROFILE SUPPORT....................................................................................228
A.1 FORMAT ....................................................................................................................................................228
A.1.1 Display..............................................................................................................................................228
A.1.2 Font...................................................................................................................................................228
A.1.3 Text and Background Color...............................................................................................................228
A.1.4 Unvisited Link Color..........................................................................................................................229
A.1.5 Paragraph.........................................................................................................................................229
A.1.6 Image ................................................................................................................................................229
A.1.7 Table .................................................................................................................................................229
A.1.8 Forms................................................................................................................................................229
A.2 SUPPORTED USER INTERACTIONS...............................................................................................................229
A.2.1 Navigation and Links.........................................................................................................................229
A.2.2 HTML Keywords...............................................................................................................................229
A.3 CHARACTERS.............................................................................................................................................230
ANNEX B ERROR HANDLING......................................................................................................................235
ANNEX C CRC-8 REFERENCE MODEL......................................................................................................246
ANNEX D S-CARD ATTRIBUTE AND CONFIGURATION REGISTERS...............................................247
D.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................247
D.2 ATTRIBUTE TUPLES ...................................................................................................................................247
D.2.1 CISTPL_LINKTARGET.....................................................................................................................247
D.2.2 CISTPL_DEVICE_0A........................................................................................................................247
CableCARD Interface 2.0 Specification OC-SP-CCIF2.0-I15-080620
6/20/08 CableLabs? vii
D.2.3 CISTPL_DEVICE_0C........................................................................................................................248
D.2.4 CISTPL_VERS_1..............................................................................................................................248
D.2.5 CISTPL_MANFID .............................................................................................................................249
D.2.6 CISTPL_CONFIG .............................................................................................................................249
D.2.7 CCST-CIF.........................................................................................................................................250
D.2.8 CISTABLE_ENTRY...........................................................................................................................251
D.2.9 STCE_EV..........................................................................................................................................252
D.2.10 STCE_PD..........................................................................................................................................253
D.2.11 CISTPL_END ...................................................................................................................................253
D.3 CONFIGURATION OPTION REGISTER ...........................................................................................................253
D.4 VALUES TO ENABLE CABLECARD PERSONALITY CHANGE .......................................................................253
D.5 OPERATION AFTER INVOKING CABLECARD PERSONALITY CHANGE ........................................................253
ANNEX E PREVIOUS RESOURCE VERSIONS AND ASSOCIATED APDUS .......................................254
E.1 LOW SPEED COMMUNICATION RESOURCE - VERSION 2..............................................................................254
E.2 COPY PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................................255
E.2.1 Copy Protection - Type 2 Version 1 (Deprecated) ............................................................................255
E.2.2 Copy Protection Type 4 Version 1.....................................................................................................259
E.2.3 CP_open_req() .................................................................................................................................259
E.2.4 CP_open_cnf()..................................................................................................................................259
E.2.5 CP_data_req() Card’s Authentication Data Message.......................................................................260
E.2.6 CP_data_cnf() Host’s Authentication Data Message........................................................................260
E.2.7 CP_data_req() Card’s Request for Auth Key ....................................................................................260
E.2.8 CP_data_cnf() Reply Message with Host’s AuthKey.........................................................................260
E.2.9 CP_data_req() Card’s CPKey Generation Message.........................................................................260
E.2.10 CP_data_cnf() Host’s CPKey Generation Message..........................................................................260
E.2.11 CP_sync_req() Card’s CPKey Ready Message.................................................................................260
E.2.12 CP_sync_cnf() Host’s CPKey Ready Message ..................................................................................260
E.2.13 CP_data_req() Card’s CCI Challenge Message ...............................................................................260
E.2.14 CP_data_cnf() Host’s CCI Response Message..................................................................................260
E.2.15 CP_data_req() CCI Delivery Message..............................................................................................260
E.2.16 CP_data_cnf() CCI Acknowledgement Message ...............................................................................260
E.3 SPECIFIC APPLICATION SUPPORT – TYPE 1 VERSION 1 ...............................................................................260
E.3.1 SAS_connect_reqst().........................................................................................................................260
E.3.2 SAS_connect_cnf()............................................................................................................................261
E.3.3 SAS_data_reqst() ...............................................................................................................................261
E.3.4 SAS_data_av() ..................................................................................................................................261
E.3.5 SAS_data_av_cnf() ............................................................................................................................261
E.3.6 SAS server_query() ............................................................................................................................261
E.3.7 SAS_server_reply() ............................................................................................................................261
E.4 GENERIC IPPV SUPPORT - TYPE 2 VERSION 1 (DEPRECATED)....................................................................261
E.4.1 Program_req() & Program_cnf()......................................................................................................261
E.4.2 Purchase_req() & Purchase_cnf().....................................................................................................265
E.4.3 Cancel_req() & Cancel_cnf() ............................................................................................................267
E.4.4 History_req() & History_cnf()...........................................................................................................268
E.5 GENERIC DIAGNOSTICS TYPE 1 VERSION 1 ................................................................................................270
E.5.1 memory_report .................................................................................................................................271
E.5.2 software_ver_report ..........................................................................................................................272
E.5.3 firmware_ver_report.........................................................................................................................272
E.5.4 MAC_address_report ........................................................................................................................272
E.5.5 FAT_status_report............................................................................................................................273
E.5.6 FDC_Status_report ...........................................................................................................................273
E.5.7 current_channel_report.....................................................................................................................273
E.5.8 1394_port_report..............................................................................................................................273
E.6 SYSTEM CONTROL.....................................................................................................................................274
OC-SP-CCIF2.0-I15-080620 OpenCable Specifications
viii CableLabs? 6/20/08
E.6.1 host_info_request()...........................................................................................................................275
E.6.2 host_info_response().........................................................................................................................275
E.6.3 code_version_table() .........................................................................................................................275
E.6.4 code_version_table_reply() ...............................................................................................................282
E.6.5 host_download_control()...................................................................................................................282
E.6.6 host_download_command() Type 1 Version 1 (Deprecated) ............................................................282
E.7 EXTENDED CHANNEL ................................................................................................................................284
E.7.1 new_flow_req() Type 1 Version 1 and Type 1 Version 2...................................................................285
E.7.2 new_flow_cnf() .................................................................................................................................287
E.7.3 delete_flow_req()..............................................................................................................................289
E.7.4 delete_flow_cnf() ...............................................................................................................................289
E.7.5 lost_flow_ind()..................................................................................................................................289
E.7.6 lost_flow_cnf() ..................................................................................................................................290
E.8 DSG MODE ...............................................................................................................................................290
E.8.1 inquire_DSG_mode().........................................................................................................................291
E.8.2 set_DSG_mode()...............................................................................................................................292
E.8.3 DSG_packet_error().........................................................................................................................296
E.8.4 configure_advanced_DSG() ..............................................................................................................297
E.8.5 DSG_Message()................................................................................................................................299
E.8.6 send_DCD_info()..............................................................................................................................303
APPENDIX I REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................304

OpenCable Unidirectional Receiver(有线电视单向接收器协议,2007)

2008-10-03 23:27:47

有线电视单向接收器协议是关于如何解密和传送有线电视信号的文件。
电视机顶盒设计采用了该协议。根据该协议可自行设计PC内置有线电视接收卡。微软已设计类似产品，但仅适用于北美有线电视信号。

Contents
1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 OPENCABLE OVERVIEW............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 OPENCABLE UNIDIRECTIONAL CABLE RECEIVER (OCUR) OVERVIEW ....................................... 2
1.3 COMPLIANCE NOTATION.............................................................................................................. 3
2 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 NORMATIVE REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 4
2.2 INFORMATIVE REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 5
2.3 REFERENCE ACQUISITION ............................................................................................................ 6
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................... 7
4 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS........................................................................................... 8
5 OVERVIEW OF CORE SERVICES AND FUNCTIONALITIES .............................................. 10
5.1 OCUR COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................. 10
5.1.1 Core Services (Informative).................................................................................................. 11
5.1.2 Core Functions and Features (Informative) ......................................................................... 11
5.2 GENERAL COMPLIANCE (NORMATIVE) ...................................................................................... 11
6 SECURITY....................................................................................................................................... 13
6.1 CONDITIONAL ACCESS............................................................................................................... 13
6.2 CERTIFICATE STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT.............................................................................. 13
6.3 ANALOG PROGRAM COPY PROTECTION..................................................................................... 13
6.4 DIGITAL PROGRAM COPY PROTECTION...................................................................................... 13
6.5 DRI CONTENT PROTECTION....................................................................................................... 13
6.6 HMS ASSOCIATION RECORDING................................................................................................ 13
7 UNIDIRECTIONAL PHYSICAL LAYER CHARACTERISTICS............................................. 15
7.1 RF INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................... 15
7.1.1 Maximum Individual Carrier Amplitude .............................................................................. 15
7.2 COMMUNICATION CHANNELS .................................................................................................... 15
7.2.1 Forward Application Transport (FAT) Channel .................................................................. 15
7.2.2 NTSC Channels..................................................................................................................... 15
7.2.3 CA Signaling on Forward Data Channel ............................................................................. 16
7.3 PHYSICAL LAYER SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................ 16
7.3.1 In-Band Downstream Channel, FDC Characteristics and RF Performance ....................... 16
8 CARD INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................ 21
8.1 OCUR FUNCTIONALITY WITH UNSCRAMBLED CONTENT .......................................................... 21
8.2 OCUR FUNCTIONALITY WITHOUT A CARD ................................................................................ 21
8.3 MAN MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI) SUPPORT............................................................................. 21
8.4 SOFTWARE DOWNLOAD ............................................................................................................. 22
8.5 DIGITAL RECEIVER INTERFACE (DRI) OUTPUT.......................................................................... 22
9 VIDEO.............................................................................................................................................. 29
9.1 ANALOG VIDEO.......................................................................................................................... 29
9.2 DIGITAL VIDEO .......................................................................................................................... 29
9.2.1 MPEG-2 Transport............................................................................................................... 29
9.2.2 FAT Delivered Service/System Information.......................................................................... 29
9.2.3 Service/System Information provided by Card ..................................................................... 29
9.2.4 Digital Television (DTV) Closed Captioning ....................................................................... 29
9.2.5 Digital Television (DTV) Content Advisory Information...................................................... 29
OC-SP-OCUR-I07-080620 OpenCable? Specifications
iv CableLabs? 06/20/08
9.2.6 Digital Television (DTV) Emergency Alert Service (EAS) ................................................... 31
10 OCUR POWERING STATES......................................................................................................... 32
10.1 CARD BACKGROUND MODE POWER MANAGEMENT .................................................................. 32
11 OCUR DIAGNOSTICS.................................................................................................................... 33
11.1 MEMORY RESOURCES ................................................................................................................ 33
11.2 SOFTWARE VERSIONS ................................................................................................................ 33
11.3 FIRMWARE VERSION (OCUR).................................................................................................... 34
11.4 MAC ADDRESSES ...................................................................................................................... 34
11.5 OCUR NETWORK ADDRESSES ................................................................................................... 34
11.6 STATUS OF FDC......................................................................................................................... 34
11.7 STATUS OF FAT ......................................................................................................................... 34
11.8 CURRENT CHANNEL STATUS...................................................................................................... 35
11.9 DRM PAIRING MESSAGE ........................................................................................................... 35
12 MECHANICAL ............................................................................................................................... 36
ANNEX A OCUR-HMS CONTENT PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS (NORMATIVE) ......... 39
ANNEX B MECHANISM FOR DRM REVOCATION.................................................................... 42
B.1 DOWNLOAD FILE STRUCTURE.................................................................................................... 42
B.2 SIGNED DATA ............................................................................................................................ 43
B.3 SIGNED CONTENT....................................................................................................................... 44
B.3.1 Srm ()................................................................................................................................... 44
B.3.2 MfgCACerts() ....................................................................................................................... 45
B.3.3 clabCVCRootCACert() ......................................................................................................... 45
B.3.4 clabOCURCVCCACertificate()............................................................................................ 46
APPENDIX I REVISION HISTORY .................................................................................................. 47
Figures
FIGURE 1.2-1 - OPENCABLE OCUR ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................ 2
FIGURE 1.2-2 - OPENCABLE CONTENT PROTECTION TRANSITIONS................................................................. 3
FIGURE 5.1-1 - BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE OCUR (INFORMATIVE)................................................................. 10
Tables
TABLE 6.6–1 - HMS ASSOCIATION RECORD ................................................................................................. 14
TABLE 7.3–1 - ANALOG AND FAT CHANNEL: RF PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS (0° - 40° C )....................... 16
TABLE 7.3–2 - FDC CHANNEL: RF PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS (0° - 40° C )............................................. 18
TABLE 7.3–3 - ADJACENT CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS............................................................................... 19
TABLE 9.2–1 - CONTENT ADVISORY CONVERSION TABLE.............................................................................. 30
TABLE 12–1 - ENVIRONMENTAL / MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................. 36
TABLE B–1 - CODE FILE NAMING ................................................................................................................. 42
TABLE B–2 - DOWNLOAD FILE PKCS #7 SECTION FORMAT.......................................................................... 42
TABLE B–3 - PKCS #7 SIGNED DATA........................................................................................................... 43
TABLE B–4 - SRM STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................... 45

wavelet image and video compression

2008-09-27 20:18:14

Editorial Reviews
Review
`This is a very well-organized and useful reference book for those who are new to wavelet image and video coding.'
Journal of Electronic Imaging, 9:2 (2000)

Product Description
An exciting new development has taken place in the digital era that has captured the imagination and talent of researchers around the globe - wavelet image compression. This technology has deep roots in theories of vision, and promises performance improvements over all other compression methods, such as those based on Fourier transforms, vectors quantizers, fractals, neural nets, and many others. It is this revolutionary new technology that is presented in Wavelet Image and Video Compression, in a form that is accessible to the largest audience possible.
Wavelet Image and Video Compression is divided into four parts. Part I, Background Material, introduces the basic mathematical structures that underly image compression algorithms with the intention of providing an easy introduction to the mathematical concepts that are prerequisites for the remainder of the book. It explains such topics as change of bases, scalar and vector quantization, bit allocation and rate-distortion theory, entropy coding, the discrete-cosine transform, wavelet filters and other related topics. Part II, Still Image Coding, presents a spectrum of wavelet still image coding techniques. Part III, Special Topics in Still Image Coding, provides a variety of example coding schemes with a special flavor in either approach or application domain. Part IV, Video Coding, examines wavelet and pyramidal coding techniques for video data.
Wavelet Image and Video Compression serves as an excellent reference and may be used as a text for advanced courses covering the subject.

Graphics and Webpage Design

2008-09-22 17:20:00

Introduction
If you’re the kind of person I think you are, you’ve been hanging ten toes off the edge
of your Web surfboard for some time now. You’ve been dazzled by the diversity of
information—intellectual and practical, visual and auditory, technical and entertaining—
all available in this virtual information space called the World Wide Web.
Or, you may be new to the Web and all its possibilities. After digging deep into funds
that could have (and probably should have) been used for more mundane purposes
like food, shelter, or retirement, you matched computer, software, and a service
provider and now have access to the largest combination of flea market and junk mail
consortium ever assembled.
At some point you become a discriminating Web browser. You know what you like,
and you vote with your mouse. You start bookmark files of Web site uniform resource
locators (URLs) that are so interesting, so informative, and so visually stimulating that
you return to them regularly. This is sort of like me rereading my favorite John D.
MacDonald novel or my wife popping Pretty Woman in the VCR for the fiftieth time.
But as you spend more time on the Web, you also learn what you don’t like, what
irritates you, and what causes you to decide in ten seconds…whoa, I’m outta here!
As you consider the topics covered in this book, you may find yourself in a position
where you know Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), you understand your browser,
you mentally have a good picture of the World Wide Web landscape, but the graphics
you see both intrigue and confuse you. If so, this book is for you.

What This Book Contains
This book isn’t a tutorial. Instead, it is a resource of visual examples you can use for
inspiration. It’s written so that you can jump into whichever topics are of immediate
interest, or spend a little more time in dialogue with the authors.
You’ll find many of the topics presented as tasks—instructions you can follow to gain
a greater understanding of the role graphics play in effective Web pages.
o In Part I, “Fast Track to Web Site Design,” you get a quick overview of the
issues that will concern you when making Web graphics. You’ll learn a
technique for analyzing Web function, the relationship of graphic images
and HTML code, and how good design enhances communication. You’ll be
bombarded with examples and techniques. Finally, you’ll be able to review
the examples in Chapter 6, “Presenting Effective Web Graphics,” and learn
why they work.
o Part II, “Survival Skills for Web Design,” presents much of the technical
information found in this book. This section shows techniques for planning
the structure of your Web site and shows how to enhance intrasite navigation.
o Survival skills are presented in Part III, “Survival Guides for Web Graphics.”
The chapters in this section should answer your “how did they do that?”
questions. If you ever wanted to make your own graphics, this is your ticket.
If you find yourself having to hire artists to work on a team, these chapters
give you portfolio-evaluation ammunition.
o Part IV, “Additional Graphic Topics,” presents the high gloss of Web
graphics. You’ll want animation—both 2D and 3D, movies, and high
resolution images. You know virtual graphic worlds are just over the horizon.
And you know that there is no way you can create all these yourself, so you
need to know what resources are available.
o Tools to assist you in creating Web pages and graphics on the enclosed CDROM.
These tools include software utilities that you can use right away to
make your job easier. Also included are files of graphic elements that can be
used directly or as examples for your own inspirations.

Introduction ................................................................................................. xx
Part I Fast Track to Web Site Design 1
1 Making Effective Browser-Independent Graphics ........................................... 3
2 Designing an Effective Web Site .................................................................. 23
3 Creating Cool Graphics for the Web ........................................................... 43
4 Making Effective Web Graphics .................................................................. 71
5 Using Multimedia and Special Effects on the Web ....................................... 89
6 Presenting Effective Web Graphics ............................................................ 101
Part II Survival Skills for Web Design 109
7 Designing Graphical Pages Anyone Can Download ................................... 111
8 Creating a Map of Your Web Site ............................................................. 125
9 Providing Visual Cues to Web Navigation Through Page Design ................ 145
10 Understanding Form and Substance: The Dilemma of Web Style ............... 157
11 How to Avoid the Ten Most Common Web Mistakes ................................ 165
Part III Survival Skills for Web Graphics 179
12 Using Text in Design ................................................................................. 181
13 Designing Buttons That Work ................................................................... 205
14 Making Image Maps and HTML Frames .................................................... 229
15 Designing Backgrounds That Make Sense ................................................. 243
16 Utilizing Inline Graphics to Your Advantage .............................................. 257
17 A Portfolio of Graphics from the Web ....................................................... 271
Part IV Additional Graphic Topics 289
18 Delivering Animations at Your Web Site .................................................... 291
19 Understanding Advanced Graphic File Types ............................................. 311
20 Converting Graphics for Use on the Web .................................................. 319
Part V Appendixes 333
A Directory of Graphic Resources on the Web .............................................. 335
B Textures, Backgrounds, and Buttons ......................................................... 339
C What’s on the CD? ................................................................................... 341
Glossary .................................................................................................... 343
Index ........................................................................................................ 353

一步一步学AUTOCAD 2008 3D建模

2008-09-18 15:52:47

AutoCAD 2008 3D Modeling Workbook For Dummies

1、介绍AUTOCAD2008;
2、从2D到3D；
3、3D实体模型；
4、3D实体表面；
5、视觉设计；
6、实体模型互换；
7、实体结合；
……

High Definition Audio for the Digital Home (数字家庭的高分辨率音频）

2008-09-09 06:49:00

上传者：此书是迄今世界上唯一系统论述高分辨率数字音频技术在个人计算机中应用的书籍。
第一作者David在PC音频领域工作了20余年。亲自参与开发了苹果的MIDI合成器，Creative的Waveguide合成器，和领导开发了很多SigmaTel（iPod的音频芯片供应商）的音频产品。
此书在回顾了整个PC音频技术的的发展过程的基础上，集中讨论了2004年以后Intel推出的高分辨率音频技术，以及该技术如何和HMDI结合。
除了音频硬件技术之外，此书还用了大量篇幅从使用和开发的角度介绍了Vista音频结构以及相对XP的改进。
此书对了解PC的多媒体结构，特别是音频结构很有帮助。是从事PC销售，维修，和多媒体开发中重要的和罕见的参考书。

Contents
Foreword XV
High-Fidelity Audio Everywhere XV
High-Fidelity Audio for Everyone XVI
Preface XIX
Market Challenges and Motivations XX
Acknowledgements XXI
High Definition Audio System Diagram – Companion to this book
XXIV
Chapter 1 Audio Basics 1
The Audio History of Entertainment 2
Early Phonograph Players 3
Radio 3
Record Players 3
Home Appliances and the Radio, Stereo System 3
Home Theater 4
Portable and “Personal” Stereo Devices (MP3 Players) 5
PC Music “Jukeboxes” and Digital Home Media Centers 5
Human Auditory Perception and Acoustics 7
Frequency Range of Human Hearing 7
Frequency or Pitch Scale 8
The Harmonic Series 9
Amplitude Units (dB) 9
Absolute dB units 10
Acoustic Levels (dBSPL) 11
Dynamic Range 11
Sound Levels 13
Frequency Response vs. Audible Level 15
Masking 16
Analog Audio 18
Critical Measurement Parameters 18
Establishing Reference Levels 18
Frequency Response 19
Noise 23
Nonlinear Distortion 31
Crosstalk 37
Interchannel Phase Difference 38
Digital Audio 40
Digital Audio Sampling Theory 41
Oversampling 46
Quantizing 47
Quantization Error and Dithering 49
Noise Shaping 49
Resolution or Bit Depth 49
Reconstructing Analog From Digital 49
Other Errors 50
Putting It All Together 50
Advantages of Digital Audio 51
Chapter 2 Audio Interfaces 53
Analog Interfaces 53
Analog Connectors 54
PC Color Coding 65
Jack-Presence Detection 69
Circuit Topologies 70
Signal Levels and Impedances 79
Digital Interfaces 80
S/PDIF Inputs and Outputs 80
Encoding 87
Other Digital Audio Formats 89
ADAT Optical 90
I2S 91
DSD 92
MIDI 94
FireWire/IEEE-1394 94
USB 97
HDMI 101
1394 versus USB versus HDMI 107

Chapter 3 Basics of Surround Sound and Signal
Processing 109
Surround Sound and Multiple Channels 109
Historical Background 110
Fitting 6, 7, or 8 Channels into 2 111
Channels and Bass Management 112
Spatial Perception 113
Speaker Placement in the Listening Environment 114
Surround Sound Formats 114
Equalization 118
Cut/Boost Bandpass EQ 119
Graphic EQ 120
Parametric EQ 120
Equalizer Implementations 121
Bass Management 122
Dynamics Processing 124
Compression 125
Limiting 125
Expansion 126
Noise Gate 126
Multi-band Compression and Limiting 127
3D Virtualization 128
2-to-N Spreaders 129
Encoders and Decoders for Compressed Audio 129
Uncompressed Audio 130
Lossless Compression 130
Lossy Compression 131
Economics of Lossy Compression 132
Input and Capture 134
Speech Usage Scenarios 135
Beamforming Array Microphones 136
Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) 136
Noise Suppression 137
VoIP Application 137
Commercially Available Signal Processing for PCs 138
Dolby Processing Algorithms 139
Dolby PC Entertainment Experience (PCEE) 140
DTS 142
SRS 142
Sonic Focus 142
MaxxBass by Waves 144
Intellisonics by Knowles Acoustics 145
Professional Audio Applications 145

Chapter 4 Introduction to Intel
High Definition Audio 147
Hardware 148
Controller 149
Link 150
Topology 151
Data and Timings 153
Codec 154
Introducing…the Widget 155
Widgets in Practice 160
Command and Data Flow 161
Verbs 161
Responses 163
Hardware Volume Scaling 165
Pin Widget Control 168
Standard Packaging 169
Pins, Pin Widgets, and Ports 170
Verb Tables 172
Sending Verb Tables to the Codec 175
Muting and Startup Work-arounds 176
Pin Configuration Registers 179
Associations and Sequences 186
Resource Sharing 192
Resource Allocation 198
Unsolicited Response 199
Jack Detection 199
Modifying the Pin Configuration in the BIOS 200
System Bring-up Trick Using the Microsoft UAA class driver for
Intel HD Audio 201

Chapter 5 Motherboard Layout Guidelines for Increased
Audio Fidelity 203
The Art of Audio Design 203
Multiple Complaints about Audio in today’s PC s 205
Everything Affects Audio 206
Motherboard Development Cycles 207
Schematic Design 207
Gerber Plots 207
Hardware Prototypes 208
System Test 208
Commonly Encountered Problems 209
Electrical Noise Sources 209
Passive Components 209
Capacitors 210
Capacitor Tolerance and Variation 213
Power Supplies 214
Isolation 215
One Port, One Jack 216
Ground Planes and Shielding 217
Star Grounding 217
Laptops and All-in-One Systems 219
Speech and Real Time Communications 219
Front Panel Considerations 219
Analog Microphones 220
Challenges in mic Array Implementation 221
The Benefits of a Digital Microphone Array 222
Electromagnetic Interference and Electrostatic Discharge 225
EMI 226
ISOLATE 229
BITCLK 230
EMI and ESD Suppression Circuits 230
ESD 232
Troubleshooting and Debugging 237
Test Equipment 238
Troubleshooting: Power Supply 238
Troubleshooting: Signal Tracing 239
Troubleshooting Pops and Clicks 239
Troubleshooting SNR and THD+N 240
Troubleshooting Frequency Response 241
Troubleshooting Active Outputs 241
“Golden” Passive Components 242
Chapter 6 Recommendations for Media PCs 243
Audio Attributes of a Media PC 243
Pops and Clicks 245
System Start-up (Cold Boot) 249
System Shutdown (Power off) 250
Suspend 251
Resume 251
Software-induced Pops and Clicks 252
DC Offsets 253
Zipper Noise 254
External Pop Suppression Circuits 254
Series Pop Suppression Circuits 255
Shunt Pop Suppression Circuits 257
Pop Suppression for Built-in Headphone and Speaker
Amplifiers 259
Interfacing to Consumer Electronics Equipment 261
Interfacing to 2V RMS Input Signals from Consumer Devices 261
Interfacing 2V RMS Line Output to Consumer Devices 262
Guidelines for RCA Jacks for Analog Line Level I/O 264

Chapter 7 Intel HD Audio Software: Control Layer 271
Sounds and Audio Devices Properties 272
CD Audio: Analog or Digital? 274
Sticky Keys, Toggle Keys, and the 8253 Timer 277
WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE 279
Multi-channel Speaker Configurations 282
Bit Depths and Sample Rates for Windows XP 288
Plug and Play 289
INF Files 292
UAA Class Drivers 293
UAA Intel HD Audio Bus Driver 294
Drivers for X64 Versions 295
Installing an Audio Driver 295
Applications Installers 296
Linux and Intel HD Audio 297
Working with Audio Devices in Linux 298
Linux Applications for High Definition Audio 299

Chapter 8 Intel HD Audio Software: Signal Processing and Volume Control 301
Modes of Operation 302
The Differences Between ISR, DPC, and SMI 304
Windows XP Audio Stack 305
SNDVOL32: The Misunderstood Windows Mixer 307
MIXERLINE and SNDVOL32 313
Master Volume in Windows XP 313
Direct Mode and Hardware Volume Events 315
Indirect Mode and Software Volume Events 317
Linear and Log Volume Scales 320
Volume Tables for Audio Taper 322
Volume Remapping 325
Master Volume: Analog vs. Digital 326
Signal Processing in Windows XP 326
Signal Processing in DirectShow 326
Signal Processing in an Upper Filter Driver 328
Signal Processing in the Miniport Driver 328
Windows Vista 329
What Won’t Change In Vista Audio 330
WaveRT 330
User Mode Audio (UMA) 332
Per-application Volume Control 334
Audio Processing in the Global Audio Engine 334
Preparing Audio Subsystems for Windows Vista 335

Chapter 9 The Intel HD Audio System as a Whole 341
Multiple Layers 342
The Real World Layer 342
The Motherboard or System Layer 343
The Intel HD Audio Codec Layer 345
The Intel HD Audio Bus, Controller, and Bus Driver 346
The Kernel-Mode Software Layer in Windows XP 346
The User-Mode Software Layer in Windows XP 349
The User Mode Audio Engine Layer in Windows Vista 350
The Application Layer in Windows Vista 351
Putting It All Together 351
Chapter 10 Security and Content Protection 353
Important Disclaimer 355
Content Protection Basics 355
Compliance and Robustness 356
Open versus Closed Systems 357
User Accessible Buses 357
Types of Content 358
Cryptography Basics 359
Secret Key Encryption 359
Public Key Encryption 360
Contemporary Systems 362
SCMS 362
HDCP 362
HDMI 366
Windows Media Digital Rights Management 367
Content Scramble System (CSS) 369
Content Protection for Pre-recorded Media (CPPM) 370
Digital Transmission Content Protection (DTCP) 371
Advanced Access Content System (AACS) 372
Content Protection on the PC 373
SAP 373
PMP 375
Protected Environment 376
Media Interoperability Gateway 378
Protected User Mode Audio 380
PAP 381
Chapter 11 Testing and Certification 383
The Ever-growing Unwieldy Test Matrix 383
Per-Unit Testing 384
Audio Codec Manufacturing Verification Testing 384
Motherboard Manufacturing Verification Testing 385
System Level Verification Testing 385
System Design Validation Testing 386
Usability Testing 386
Acoustic Fidelity Testing 387
Acoustic Noise Emission Testing 387
Functional Software Testing 388
Automated Software Testing 388
Windows Driver Kit (WDK) 388
Audio Fidelity Testing 389
Test Setup 389
Testing Technologies 395
Acoustic Measurements 398
Acoustic Noise Emission testing 401
Audible Mechanical Defects (Rub & Buzz) 402
Testing Intel HD Audio Systems 403
Interfacing to the System Under Test 404
Digital Interface 409
Interfacing to the Digital Domain 409
Separating the Paths 413
Establishing Reference Levels 414
Detailed Test Procedure Descriptions 416
Digital to Analog (Playback) Paths 424
Additional Tests 432
Appendix A
Pin Configuration Verb Tables 439
Subsystem ID 440
Front Panel Headphone Output 441
Rear Panel Line Input 442
Rear Panel Line Output 443
Front Panel Microphone Input 444
Rear Panel S/PDIF Output 445
Rear Panel 5.1 Surround Line Outputs 446
Rear Panel 7.1 Surround Line Outputs 449
Rear Panel Line Out w/ Redirected Front Panel HP Out 452
Internal Speaker w/ Redirected Front Panel HP Out 454
Internal Speaker w/ Redirected Rear Panel Line Out 456
Shared Input Mux with Line In, CD In, and Microphone In 458
Shared Input Mix with Line In, CD In, and Microphone In 460
Rear Panel 5.1 Surround Line Outputs with Redirected Front Panel
Headphone Output 462
Set All DACs to Mute 465
Set All Pin Widgets to Disabled State 466
Chapter B PC Audio Hardware History: Then and
Now 467
The ISA Era 468
The PCI Era 469
The Chipset Era 469
AC97 471
CNR 472
AC97 in Practice 474
High Definition Audio 474
Chapter C Audio Drivers from DOS to Windows
XP 475
?
Windows
3.0 and Multi-Media Extensions 475
Windows 3.1 476
Windows NT 476
DirectSound 477
Windows 95 478
Windows 98 and WDM Drivers 478
Windows 2000 479
Windows Millennium Edition (ME) 479
Windows XP 479
Universal Audio Architecture 480
Chapter D Jack Retasking 481
Jack Detection 482
Switchable Microphone Bias 482
Redirection 485
Impedance Sensing 485
Analog Device Classification 486
Usability 486
UAA Class Driver Support 486
Types of Retasking Circuits 487
Line Out and Headphone Out (LO/HP) 487
Line In, Line Out, and HP Out (LI/LO/HP) 489
Line In and Line Out (LI/LO) 490
Microphone In and Line In (MI/LI) 491
Microphone In, Line In, and Line Out (MI/LI/LO) 493
Mic In, Line In, Line Out, & HP Out (MI/LI/LO/HP) 494
Recommendations for Retasking 497
Glossary 499
References 531
Index 535

VESA DisplayPort Standard, Version 1, Revision 1a, January 11, 2008 (显示接口标准)

2008-09-09 01:05:20

视频电子标准协会(VESA)公布了DisplayPort显示接口标准的最终版本：DisplayPort 1.0。作为DVI的继任者，DisplayPort将在传输视频信号的同时加入对高清音频信号传输的支持，同时支持更高的分辨率和刷新率。

DisplayPort接口将会是未来显示设备的主要接口标准，将完全取代现今的DVI与VGA，甚至HDMI。相对于目前最先进的HDMI接口来说，DisplayPort有着更多的优势和更大的传输带宽，并且从可扩展性和外围设备兼容方面要远远强于HDMI接口；成本方面，DisplayPort不仅可以直接驱动面板，节省大量的电路费用和空间，并且该标准完全开放，并不需要支付如HDMI接口所涉及到的版权费用。我们预计，到2008年底或者2009年，DisplayPort将走向最巅峰的阶段。

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................................................11
Revision History ...............................................................................................................................................14
1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................17
1.1 DisplayPort Specification Organization .............................................................................................17
1.2 DisplayPort Objectives.......................................................................................................................17
1.2.1 Key Industry Needs for DisplayPort ............................................................................................18
1.2.2 DisplayPort Technical Objectives................................................................................................18
1.2.3 DisplayPort External Connection Objectives ..............................................................................19
1.2.4 DisplayPort Internal Connection Objectives ...............................................................................20
1.2.5 DisplayPort CE Connection Objectives.......................................................................................20
1.2.6 Content Protection for DisplayPort .............................................................................................20
1.3 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................21
1.4 Glossary..............................................................................................................................................22
1.5 References ..........................................................................................................................................26
1.6 Nomenclature for Bit and Byte Ordering ............................................................................................27
1.6.1 Bit Ordering ................................................................................................................................27
1.6.2 Byte Ordering..............................................................................................................................28
1.7 Overview of DisplayPort .....................................................................................................................29
1.7.1 Make-up of the Main Link ............................................................................................................29
1.7.2 Make-up of AUX CH ....................................................................................................................30
1.7.3 Link Configuration and Management ..........................................................................................31
1.7.4 Layered, Modular Architecture....................................................................................................31
2 Link Layer .................................................................................................................................................33
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................33
2.1.1 Number of Lanes and Per-lane Data Rate ...................................................................................34
2.1.2 Number of Main, Uncompressed Video Streams..........................................................................34
2.1.3 Basic Functions...........................................................................................................................34
2.1.4 DisplayPort Device Types and Link Topology.............................................................................34
2.2 Isochronous Transport Services ..........................................................................................................38
2.2.1 Main Stream to Main Link Lane Mapping in the Source Device .................................................38
2.2.2 Stream Reconstruction in the Sink ...............................................................................................64
2.2.3 Stream Clock Recovery ................................................................................................................64
2.2.4 Main Stream Attribute Data Transport........................................................................................66
2.2.5 Secondary-data Packing Formats................................................................................................71
2.2.6 ECC for Secondary-data Packet ..................................................................................................83
2.3 AUX CH States and Arbitration..........................................................................................................88
2.3.1 AUX CH STATES Overview.........................................................................................................88
2.3.2 Link Layer Arbitration Control ....................................................................................................93
2.3.3 Policy Maker AUX CH Management ...........................................................................................93
2.3.4 Detailed Source AUX CH State Description................................................................................93
2.3.5 Detailed Sink AUX CH State Description ....................................................................................94
2.4 AUX CH Syntax.................................................................................................................................95
2.4.1 Command definition .....................................................................................................................96
2.4.2 AUX CH Response / Reply Time-outs ..........................................................................................98
2.4.3 Native AUX CH Request Transaction Syntax ..............................................................................99
2.4.4 Native AUX CH Reply Transaction Syntax ..................................................................................99
2.4.5 I2C bus transaction mapping onto AUX CH Syntax...................................................................100
2.4.6 Conversion of I2C Transaction to Native AUX CH Transaction (INFORMATIVE) ..................116
2.5 AUX CH Services .............................................................................................................................116
2.5.1 Stream Transport Initiation Sequence........................................................................................117
2.5.2 Stream Transport Termination Sequence...................................................................................118
2.5.3 AUX CH Link Services ...............................................................................................................119
2.5.4 AUX CH Device Services ...........................................................................................................141
3 Physical Layer .........................................................................................................................................143
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................143
3.1.1 PHY Functions ...........................................................................................................................143
3.1.2 Link Layer-PHY Interface Signals .............................................................................................144
3.1.3 PHY-Media Interface Signals.....................................................................................................145
3.2 DP_PWR for Box-to-Box DisplayPort Connection ..........................................................................146
3.2.1 DP_PWR User Detection Method..............................................................................................147
3.2.2 DP_PWR Wire ...........................................................................................................................147
3.2.3 Inrush Current...........................................................................................................................147
3.2.4 Voltage Droop...........................................................................................................................147
3.2.5 Over Current Protection (OCP).................................................................................................147
3.3 Hot Plug/Unplug Detect Circuitry.....................................................................................................148
3.4 AUX Channel...................................................................................................................................148
3.4.1 AUX Channel Logical Sub-Block...............................................................................................149
3.4.2 AUX Channel Electrical Sub-Block ...........................................................................................151
3.5 Main Link.........................................................................................................................................155
3.5.1 Main Link Logic Sub-block ........................................................................................................155
3.5.2 Main Link Electrical Sub-Block .................................................................................................164
3.5.3 Transmitter and Receiver Electrical Specifications...................................................................165
3.5.4 ESD and EOS Protection ...........................................................................................................180
4 Mechanical...............................................................................................................................................181
4.1 Cable-Connector Assembly Specifications (for box-to-box) ............................................................181
4.1.1 Cable-Connector Assembly Definition.......................................................................................182
4.1.2 Type of Bulk Cable .....................................................................................................................183
4.1.3 Impedance Profile ......................................................................................................................184
4.1.4 Insertion Loss & Return Loss.....................................................................................................184
4.1.5 High-bit-rate Cable-Connector Assembly Specification............................................................185
4.1.6 Reuced Bit Rate Cable-Connector Assembly Specification .......................................................191
4.2 Connector Specification ....................................................................................................................195
4.2.1 External connector .....................................................................................................................195
4.2.2 Panel-side Internal Connector (Informative).............................................................................207
5 Source/Sink Device Interoperability.........................................................................................................215
5.1 Source Device...................................................................................................................................215
5.1.1 Stream Source Requirement .......................................................................................................215
5.1.2 Source Device Link Configuration Requirement........................................................................218
5.1.3 Source Device Behavior on Stream Timing Change ..................................................................218
5.1.4 Source Device Behavior upon HPD Pulse Detection ................................................................219
5.1.5 Sink Device Power Management by a Source Device................................................................220
5.2 Sink Device ......................................................................................................................................220
5.2.1 Stream Sink Requirement ...........................................................................................................221
5.2.2 Sink Device Link Configuration Requirement............................................................................221
5.2.3 Sink Device Behavior on Stream Timing Change ......................................................................222
5.2.4 Toggling of HPD Signal for Status Change Notification ...........................................................223
5.2.5 Sink Device Power-Save Mode ..................................................................................................223
5.3 Branch Device ..................................................................................................................................223
5.3.1 EDID Access Handling Requirement.........................................................................................223
5.3.2 Branch Device Link Configuration Requirements .....................................................................224
5.4 Cable-Connector Assembly...............................................................................................................227
5.4.1 Box-to-Box, End-User-Detachable Cable Assembly..................................................................227
5.4.2 Embedded and Captive Cable Assembly....................................................................................227
6 Appendix A: Link Layer Extension for DPCP Support............................................................................228
6.1 DPCP Bulk Encryption/Decryption Blocks ......................................................................................228
6.2 AUX CH Transactions for DPCP......................................................................................................228
7 Appendix B: Audio Transport (Informative) ............................................................................................229
7.1 Audio stream components .................................................................................................................229
7.2 Association of Three Packet Types via Packet ID ............................................................................229
7.3 Scheduling of Audio Stream Packet Transmission ...........................................................................229
7.3.1 Handling of an Audio Format Change.......................................................................................231
7.4 Structure of Audio Stream Packet .....................................................................................................231
7.4.1 One or Two Channel Audio........................................................................................................231
7.4.2 Three to Eight Channel Audio....................................................................................................231
7.5 Channel-to-Speaker Mapping............................................................................................................232
7.6 Transfer of Sample Frequency Information ......................................................................................233
8 Appendix C: Sink Event Notification Example (Informative) .................................................................234
8.1 Mutual Identification by Source and Sink.........................................................................................234
8.2 IRQ_HPD Pulse and Sink-Specific IRQ ...........................................................................................234
9 Appendix D: Summary of Features Related to Power Management (Informative) .................................235
9.1 AUX CH Request Transaction Readiness by Sink Device ...............................................................235
9.2 Source Detection ...............................................................................................................................235
9.3 Link Training without AUX CH Handshake (Fast Link Training) ...................................................235
10 Main Contributor History (Previous Versions).....................................................................................236

图像分割方法研究

2008-09-08 22:34:11

本书概述了图像分割的基本原理、方法与有关内容，重点研究了分解马尔科夫网的概念、方法。
总论
o．1 图像分割问题概述
o．1．I 图像分割的基本概念
o．1．2 图像分割的研究内容
o．1．3 图像分割在图像理解中的地位
o．2 图像分割模型格述
o．L1 基于线(边界)和基于区域特征的分割模型
o。2．2 基于串行和基于并行技术的分割模型
o．2．3 基于特定数学或仿生理论基础的分割模型
o．3 图像并行处理技术概述
o．3．1 图像并行处理技术的概念与基础
o．3。2 图像并行处理技术的应用
绪论
1．1 图像理解的研究、应用及图像分割
1．1．1 什么是图像理解
1．1．2 图像理解模型
1．1．3 图像理解的研究和应用
1．2 图像分割及其意义
1．3 图像分割的研究现状及其面临的问题
1．4 本文的研究内容和目标
1．5 论文的组织与安排
图论、概串网络及DMN
2．1 固论与概率网络
2．1．1 图论的基本概念
2．1．2 概率网络的概念
2．1．3 概率分布的图表达及意义
2．2 可分解马尔科夫网络(DMN)的研究与应用现状
2．2．1 可分解马尔科夫网络(DMN)的研究
2．2．2 可分解马尔科夫网络(DMN)的应用现状
2．3 概率网络中的局部计算
2．3．1 条件概率表
2．3．2 证据势函数
2．3．3 集合链
2．3．4集团边缘
2.4 本章小结
3 图论与图像分割方法研究
3．1 图像分割中图论方法的应用
3.2 图像分割中国论方法的局限性
3．3 图像分割中图论方法的扩展途径
3.4 本章小结
4 DMN在图像分割中的扩展
4．1 什么是DMN
4．2 图像分割中DMN的再思考与再定义
4．3 DMN在图像分割中的扩展
4．4 本章小结
5 图像分割中DMN的建模方法
5．1 图像分割中的算法综述
5．1．1 边界分割算法简介
5．1．2 区域分割算法简介
5．1、3 结合特定理论工具的分割技术
5．2 图像分割中DMN的建模方法
5．3 本章小结
6 DMN在图像分割中的应用
6．1 DMN网络工作机制
6．1．1 单个节点的工作机制
6、1．2 网络整体的工作机制
6．2 基于DMN的图像滤波、平滑以及分割的算法思想
6．2．1 基本思想
6．2．2 象素特征定位
6．2．3 算法流程
6．3 DMN图像滤波、平滑以及分割与其它方法的比较
6．3．1 基于DMN方法与其它平滑、滤波方法的比较
6．3．2 基于DMN图像分割与水线方法的比较
6．3．3 基于DMN图像分割与过渡区方法的比较
6．4 实验分析与结论
6．4．1 基于DMN的图像滤波实验与结论
6．4．2 基于DMN的图像平滑实验与结论
6．4．3 基于DMN的图像分割实验与结论
6．5 基于DMN的人造目标(Man—made Obje瓤)分割试验
6．6 本章小结
7 图像分割中DMN与MRF的比较
7．1 MBP及其图像分割方法概述
7．2 图像分割中MRF的原理与方法
7．2．1 因像分割中MRF的基本原理
7．2．2 图像分割中MRF的实施方法
7．3 图像分割中DMN与M只F方法的比较分析
7．4 本章小结
8 图形分割评价方法概述
8．1 图像分割评价准则概述
8．2 图像分割算法评价框架研究
9 全文总结与展望
9．1 全文总结
9．2 展望
参考文献